Geoffrey Chaucer (1343 – October 25, 1400). He was born in London, England. Writer, philosopher, diplomat and poet, his father was John Chaucer a wine merchant or vintner who provided for the court, his mother was Agnes Copton.

Chaucer attended St. Paul’s Cathedral School where he focused on Latin grammar, learning Latin and Greek, later studying law at the Inns of Court, working for court personalities such as the Countess of Ulster , wife of Prince Lionel, third son of Edward III, of whom he was a page in 1357 and later worked for Edward III of England as a squire. By the end of the 1360s he married Philippa Roet (1366), one of the queen’s ladies-in-waiting, with whom he had two children.

In 1359 he participated as a soldier in the Hundred Years’ War; Geoffrey Chaucer worked in various diplomatic posts, between 1374-1386, he was a customs inspector in the port of London, around 1385 he served as justice of the peace in Kent, the following year he was appointed parliamentarian (1386), between the years 1389 and 1391 he was in charge of the royal gardens and palaces. In 1387 his wife Philippa Roet died.

In addition to his work as a parliamentarian, he was in charge of various diplomatic missions, in which matters such as trade agreements were discussed, among the countries in which he carried out these tasks are Spain, France and Italy, these missions covered the period of time between 1372 and 1378.

Work of Geoffrey Chaucer:

His first work was an elegy written for John of Ghent protector of Chaucer, on the occasion of the death of his first wife, the work appeared under the name “The Book of the Duchess”.

Among the works published by the author are: the translation of the Roman de la Rose, The Book of the Duchess (The Book of the Duchess, around 1374); The House of Fame (The House of Fame, 1378 -1380), incomplete work of the author; Annelida and Arcite (Anelida and Arcite) poem written by the end of 1370, has more than 357 lines, in this the author tells the story of the courtship of Annelida, Queen of Armenia; The Parliament of the Birds (Parlement of Foules) poem to which the view of Valentine’s Day is credited as a special day for lovers; Troilus and Crésida (Troilus and Criseyde, 1383-1385) a poem that has more than 8,000 verses, this work is the second most outstanding after The Canterbury Tales, in these Chaucer tells the story of an unhappy love, which occurs in the framework of the Trojan War. He published in 1386, The Legend of Good Women, a long poem that the author did not finish.

The Canterbury Tales:

His most famous work is The Canterbury Tales (The Canterbury Tales, 1378-1400) a work in which the influence of Dante and Boccaccio is reflected, this work is a collection of stories inspired by the Decameron, this collection of stories takes place in what constitutes a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral, the book has 24 short stories.

In this collection are the following stories:

• The Knight’s Tale
• Miller’s Tale
• Sheriff’s Tale (The Reeve’s Tale)
• Cook’s Tale
• Magistrate’s Tale (The Man of Law’s Tale)
• The Wife of Bath’s Tale
• The Friar’s Tale
• Tale of the Summoner (The Summoner’s Tale)
• The Clerk’s Tale
• The Merchant’s Tale
• The Squire’s Tale
• The Landowner’s Tale (The Franklin’s Tale)
• Physician’s Tale (The Physician’s Tale)
• Tale of the bulero (The Pardoner’s Tale)
• The Shipman’s Tale
• The Prioress’s Tale
• Sir Thopas’ Tale (Sir Thopas’ Tale)
• Tale of Melibeo (The Tale of Melibee)
• The Monk’s Tale
• Tale of the Chaplain of Nuns (The Nun’s Priest’s Tale)
• Tale of the Second Nun (The Second Nun’s Tale)
• The Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale
• The Bursar’s Tale (The Manciple’s Tale)
• Cleric’s Tale (The Parson’s Tale)

In addition to publishing works of his own inspiration, Chaucer, he also made translations and adaptations of historical, philosophical and religious works, among others, among his translations is the life of Saint Catherine, the translation of the book of Boethius, (De consolatione philosophiae) , the writer also ventured into the world of astronomy by writing a Treatise on the astrolabe (A Treatise on the Astrolabe, around 1392).

Geoffrey Chaucer revealed himself as a great artist, capable of covering a large number of themes, his narrations contain great vivacity and depth when it comes to reflecting the human character, the writer endowed his characters with humor, malice and insight, Chaucer has He is recognized for his contribution to the popularization of vernacular English in literature to the detriment of French, Italian and Latin.

The last years of his life, he lived in the vicinity of Westminster Abbey, when he died on October 25, 1400, he was granted the honor of being buried in the abbey, which is now known as Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey. or the zone of the poets; Geoffrey Chaucer was the first poet buried in this area.

Why is Geoffrey Chaucer famous?

Geoffrey Chaucer is considered one of the first great English poets. He is the author of such works as The Parlement of Foules, Troilus and Criseyde, and The Canterbury Tales. Humorous and profound, his writings show him to be an acute observer of his time with a deft command of many literary genres.

Why did Geoffrey Chaucer write The Canterbury Tales?

The tales could be described both as social realism and as estates satire. At the same time that Chaucer takes care to honestly show the perspective of each of his characters, he also aims to critique the hypocrisy of the church and the social problems posed by Medieval politics and social custom.

When was Geoffrey Chaucer famous?

In 1387, he began his most famous work, ‘The Canterbury Tales’, in which a diverse group of people recount stories to pass the time on a pilgrimage to Canterbury.

Why is Geoffrey Chaucer considered the father of English literature?

Ever since the end of the 14th century, Chaucer has been known as the “father of English poetry,” a model of writing to be imitated by English poets. “He was one of the first poets of his day to write exclusively in English (his contemporary John Gower, for example, wrote in Latin, French, and English).

Which innovation is attributed to geoffrey chaucer?

Geoffrey Chaucer is the inventor of metrical innovation. It influenced English poetry and became a standard poetic meter. The metrical foot involves the use of the five-stress line, or iambic pentameter, arranged into rhyming couplets.

When was geoffrey chaucer born?

1340 is customarily given as Chaucer’s birth date, 1342 or 1343 is probably a closer guess.

What is geoffrey chaucer’s best known work? divine comedy the canterbury tales book of the duchesse

Written at the end of his life, The Canterbury Tales is Geoffrey Chaucer’s best-known work. It is a collection of 24 stories told by a group of 30 pilgrims who travel from Southwark to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Thomas Beckett. Chaucer did not complete the work before he died.

What was geoffrey chaucer masterpiece?

The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece, written at the height of his poetic skill. The work is by turns satiric, tragic, ribald, and comic, varying from tale to tale.

The novels of the English author Jane Austen are very popular, especially among young girls and women. Especially in the last decade, the romantic works of the long-dead writer have enjoyed great popularity and achieved considerable success; they have long been among the classics of Anglo-Saxon literature.
But who was Jane Austen and what are her novels about? We introduce you to Jane Austen and her most important novels.

Who Was Jane Austen?

Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 in Steventon near Hampshire. She grew up in a middle-class, wealthy and educated family and enjoyed a comprehensive but rather superficial school education. From an early age, young Jane poked her nose into the many books in her father’s library. She improved her level of education, read more and more literature and at some point she became interested in writing lyrics herself. From 1787 the first short stories by Jane Austen, who was just twelve that year, were written.

Later, she liked to visit entertaining institutions such as dance halls, festive events and theaters. This gave her more and more inspiration for her stories. Jane Austen was particularly fond of social, romantic and family drama, often drawing on events and relationship drama in her environment. Although her novels often revolved around love and marriage, Jane Austen herself never married; Although she received an application in 1802, she rejected it.

After the family moved several times and Jane Austen lost her father in 1805, she lived with her mother, sister and brother in Southampton and a few years later in Chawton. There she spent the rest of her life, writing and publishing all of her works there. During her long writing career, Jane Austen traveled extensively and thus had the opportunity to visit many of her relatives, as well as staying in touch with them by letter.

As time went on, however, the writer became increasingly reclusive at her country home in Chawton, eventually falling seriously ill at the age of 40. She died a short time later, on July 18, 1817 in Winchester. A short time later, works such as “Mansfield Park”, which had already been worked out, were published posthumously.

Works by Jane Austen

Some of Jane Austen’s best-known works include Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, and Mansfield Park.

Although “Mind and Feeling” was written in 1795, it was only published anonymously in 1811. The cover of the book was simply marked “By a Lady”. The successful writer also adopted this approach for her subsequent works. The success and the good reviews of the novel were remarkable, so that Jane Austen was even able to record an income from it: a whopping 140 pounds.

The novel “Mind and Feeling” revolves around two very different sisters, Elinor and Marianne Dashwood. Elinor is calm and more rationally oriented, while her sister Marianne is very lively and spirited. And as if there wasn’t enough drama in the Dashwood family, Elinor and Marianne’s distinct personalities and traits – Elinor embodies the mind and Marianne the feelings – are also revealed in their early romances and love affairs.

When her second novel, Pride and Prejudice, was published, the writer remained anonymous, although her identity was now an open secret. In “Pride and Prejudice” Jane Austen did a particularly good job of depicting English society and the class differences that were still prevalent at the time, and at one point or another made fun of it. The main focus of the novel is the protagonists Elizabeth and Darcy, who find themselves in an exciting, tumultuous love relationship.

Mansfield Park is one of Jane Austen’s later works, along with the novels Emma and Persuasion. From “Mansfield Park” at the latest, the readers recognize the further development of the main character into a much more mature and grown-up protagonist than in the previous works. In addition, Jane Austen concentrated more on socio-political issues in her later works.

“Mansfield Park” is about the young protagonist Fanny Price, who as a growing girl is sent by her parents to her aunt in Mansfield Park and tries to integrate into the family situation there. However, Fanny is excluded and treated in a condescending manner; she has to learn to adopt all the fine manners and customs, and grows up to be a true lady. Here, too, a love story develops in the course of the novel, namely between Fanny and Edmund.

Meaning of Jane Austen today

The works of Jane Austen have enjoyed great popularity among female audiences, especially in recent years. Not only the books themselves are successful, the corresponding film adaptations also brought the writer great success posthumously and also reached an audience that had not read the books before.

The successful film adaptations show that the stories about love, family, marriage and relationship dramas are still very popular and that the literary and film landscape would be inconceivable without them. While Jane Austen’s works tend to fall into the category of romantic love stories and drama, they go well beyond that.

In the course of her novels, Jane Austen developed an extremely sharp and precise power of observation and was thus able to better perceive and describe interpersonal relationships and social conflicts and incorporate them into her stories. Socio-political and socio-critical themes also found a place in her works, such as the arrogance and haughtiness of the British upper class at the time.

What is Jane Austen known for?

Austen, who died on July 18, 1817, at 41, is known for her six completed novels, among them the highly adapted Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility. Originally published anonymously, the works gained recognition among readers and scholars in the 20th century.

What did Jane Austen do to change the world?

Jane Austen’s novels: Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park and Northanger Abbey, had the most significant effect on upper-middle class individuals’ attitude towards education, and her novels made many individuals think about education, particularly English education, in a groundbreaking new way.

How did Jane Austen get famous?

Austen didn’t become a household name in her lifetime. Just after her death, her publisher destroyed the copies of her two final books, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion. It was in the Victorian era that she began to receive acclaim for her work and was recognized as a great novelist. 56.

What is Jane Austen’s most famous work?

Jane Austen is recognized as one of the most important English writers of her time. She’s probably most famous for her novel Pride and Prejudice, but others like Mansfield Park, are very popular. Her books largely dealt with themes of love and a woman’s role in the home.

What is Jane Austen’s most famous quote?

The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a good novel, must be intolerably stupid.

What did Jane Austen died from?

Whilst it is impossible now to conclusively establish the cause of her death, the existing medical evidence tends to exclude Addison’s disease, and suggests there is a high possibility that Jane Austen’s fatal illness was Hodgkin’s disease, a form of lymphoma.

What is Jane Austen’s style of writing?

Jane Austen’s (1775–1817) distinctive literary style relies on a combination of parody, burlesque, irony, free indirect speech and a degree of realism. She uses parody and burlesque for comic effect and to critique the portrayal of women in 18th-century sentimental and Gothic novels.

Why did Jane Austen stop writing for a decade?

Cassandra claimed this was to keep her sister’s biting humor and quick temper concealed from her relatives. However, it is clear that by 1801 Jane had already completed three of her novels.

What were Jane Austen’s last words?

On July 18, 1817, Jane Austen slipped away in the early morning. Her last recorded words, the day before, were “God grant me patience, Pray for me Oh Pray for me.” Before she died, her clergyman-brothers Henry and James had “administered the services suitable for a Christian’s death-bed” (Memoir of Jane Austen).

What are three interesting facts about Jane Austen?

Jane Austen served in war.
Charlotte Brontë and Mark Twain were definitely not fans.
There are interesting speculations about her true identity.
There were only three people in her will.
Austen lived with a so-called “vampire.”
Her best friend was her only sister, Cassandra Austen.

Did Jane Austen marry?

Jane Austen was never married, but it seems she had her chances. At 19, Austen met Thomas Lefroy, an Irish nephew of a family friend. Jane and Tom attended several parties together and she wrote her sister Cassandra that they flirted and danced frequently.

Who was Jane Austen’s true love?

Becoming Jane is based on a chapter in Jon Spence’s 2003 critical biography, Becoming Jane Austen. In the book, Spence does identify Tom Lefroy as the love of Austen’s life and her relationship with him as the origin of her genius.

What age was Jane Austen when she died?

The spectre of disease and early death hung over Jane Austen in the final 2 years of her life, as she continued to work on her novels, whilst her body weakened and wasted and ultimately failed her at the age of 41.

What is considered Jane Austen’s best novel?

Pride and Prejudice (1813) Oh of course Pride and Prejudice takes the top spot! Well received at the time of publication, the novel’s popularity hasn’t dwindled with time.

Arthur Conan Doyle became famous with the fictional character Sherlock Holmes. He wrote four novels and 56 short stories about the master detective from London – and still had an ambivalent relationship with him.

The path to becoming a doctor and amateur writer

Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859 in Edinburgh, Scotland. The boy received little love and attention from his father Charles, a chronic alcoholic.

His mother Mary was different: she was an avid reader of books and an excellent storyteller and passed on to the boy the talent that would make him world famous.

Doyle later said in retrospect that his mother’s storytelling was able to blur the lines between fantasy and reality for him as a child.

At the age of nine, Arthur was sent to boarding school in England. He was very popular with his classmates. He was a great storyteller and was often surrounded by his classmates.

In 1876, at the age of 17, Arthur had graduated from school and returned to Edinburgh, where he ambitiously began studying medicine.

Of the professors, the young student was particularly impressed by Dr. Joseph Bell. This doctor and university lecturer had outstanding powers of observation, an analytical mind and an impressive logic – qualities that later distinguished Doyle’s fictional character Sherlock Holmes.

Doyle tried his hand at writing while he was still a student: his mysterious story “The Mystery of Sasassa Valley”, which was heavily based on the eerie stories of the American writer Edgar Allan Poe, was printed in a local Edinburgh magazine.

When Doyle was also able to sell a second early work, he realized, as he later said, that there were other ways of making money than medicine.

Success came with Holmes

Before Arthur Conan Doyle devoted himself exclusively to writing, he first completed his medical studies and obtained his doctorate.

The adventurous young doctor found his first job on board a ship. During his studies he had already provided medical care to seafarers on a seal catcher. The experiences at sea later flowed into some of his Sherlock Holmes stories.

“Der Schwarzer Peter”, for example, is about a former captain who is brutally killed with a harpoon in his house. A sealskin tobacco pouch leads the master detective on the trail of the killer, a sailor.

Once Arthur Conan Doyle had raised enough money, he resigned from his post as a ship’s doctor, settled on the southern English coast and opened a practice. In 1885 Doyle married his wife Louisa and started a family with her. In addition to his main job as a doctor, Doyle also rediscovered his old passion for writing.

In early 1886 he began work that would change his life – a crime novel about a detective and his helper, a doctor. This story was published in late 1887 in a Christmas magazine, Beeton’s Christmas Annual, entitled “A Study in Scarlet.” Arthur Conan Doyle was paid £25 as a printing fee.

The two main characters in the story are Sherlock Holmes and Dr. watson Doyle had no plans for further episodes with the two. The amateur writer preferred to turn to other subjects and dreamed of gaining recognition as an author of non-fiction with his historical works. But fate meant it differently with him.

By chance, “A Study in Scarlet” fell into the hands of an American publisher. He probably recognized the potential that lay in it and sent a publisher’s representative to Doyle to negotiate with the doctor about a continuation of the detective story. The result was the Sherlock Holmes novel The Sign of the Four, published in 1890.

From 1891 more adventures about Sherlock Holmes followed, which were printed as serial stories with great success in the British “Strand Magazine”. The detective’s crime stories became so popular that the magazine’s sales skyrocketed. Its inventor Arthur Conan Doyle became a rich man thanks to Holmes.

Death and Resurrection of a Roman Hero

Arthur Conan Doyle had grown weary of his character by this point. He therefore planned her literary demise. In The Final Problem, also published in Strand Magazine in 1893, Doyle lets his hero die.

Doyle thought he had rid himself of his character forever. The horror among the many Holmes fans was great. Many people wore black bandages around their arms as a sign of their mourning.

Over 20,000 outraged readers canceled their subscription to “Strand Magazine”. Angry protest letters rained down. Doyle and the publisher were asked to continue the crime stories.

But it was to be a few years before Doyle resurrected the master detective. In the meantime he was politically active and published historical textbooks and non-fiction books. He also invented new heroes and wrote stories that were also published in “Strand Magazine”. They secured his income, but could not build on the popularity of Sherlock Holmes.

In 1900, during the Boer War, which was at stake for English supremacy in the South African colonies, Doyle volunteered for a year in the army and served in a field hospital. His experiences flowed into his book “The Great Boer War” – a 500-page chronicle structured like a textbook for a military academy.

For his services as a military doctor he was knighted by King Edward VII in 1902 and given the title “Sir”. There were rumors that King Edward – like many of his subjects also a big Sherlock Holmes fan – also wanted to give this honor to encourage Doyle to do more Holmes stories. In 1901, the first episode of The Hound of the Baskervilles had appeared in Strand Magazine, but fans thirsted for more.

Convinced by his publisher’s high fee offers, Doyle began, despite all reluctance, to write the Holmes cases as if on an assembly line. A year later, “The Return of Sherlock Holmes” started another series in “Strand Magazine”.

A total of four novels and 56 short stories by the master detective were published, which were translated into over 50 languages ​​and adapted into films, plays and radio plays. His dream of finding recognition as an author of non-fiction books was denied to him.

When Sir Arthur Conan Doyle died on July 7, 1930, he went down in literary history as the father of the world’s most famous and beloved detective character: Sherlock Holmes.

Fascinated by the supernatural

Shortly after his first Holmes story, Doyle wrote “The Mystery Of Cloomber”, a novella in which he addressed the possibility of life after death. The spiritual leanings expressed in this story would become an increasingly important part of Doyle’s life.

Especially after personal strokes of fate, he dealt intensively with the supernatural. Crucial experiences were the death of his first wife Louisa in 1906 and especially the loss of his son Kingsley, who died as a soldier in the First World War.

Doyle made it his mission to explore the unexplored inner life of man. He spent a lot of money on studies in this field. He even became a member of the “Society for Parapsychology”.

His second wife shared this passion for the inexplicable: she was particularly concerned with telepathy and accompanied Doyle on his many journeys in search of the occult.

What is Arthur Conan Doyle known for?

Arthur Conan Doyle, in full Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, (born May 22, 1859, Edinburgh, Scotland—died July 7, 1930, Crowborough, Sussex, England), Scottish writer best known for his creation of the detective Sherlock Holmes—one of the most vivid and enduring characters in English fiction.

Why did Arthur Conan Doyle created Sherlock Holmes?

The creation of Sherlock Holmes and his acumen for observation and deduction was said to have been inspired by Doyle’s university professor Joseph Bell whose exacting approach to medicine was well-known.

Is Sherlock Holmes based on Arthur Conan Doyle?

Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character created by the Scottish writer Arthur Conan Doyle. However, Conan Doyle did model Holmes’s methods and mannerisms on those of Dr. Joseph Bell, who had been his professor at the University of Edinburgh Medical School.

How did Conan Doyle revive Sherlock Holmes?

Having tested the waters, Doyle finally resolved to restore Holmes to life with the publication of The Adventure of the Empty House in 1903. Public pressure is often credited with pushing Doyle to revive Holmes.

Who was Sherlock Holmes based on?

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s fictional detective with the knack for solving crimes through observation and reason was modeled after Dr. Joseph Bell, one of Conan Doyle’s medical school professors.

Is 221B Baker Street Real?

But 221B Baker street did not exist in 1881, nor did it exist in 1887 when A Study in Scarlet was published and Baker Street house numbers only extended into the 100s. It was a purely fictional address – emphasis on was. Time marches on, Baker Streets are renumbered, and 221Bs are revealed.

What is the IQ of Sherlock Holmes?

Radford estimates Holmes’ IQ at 190, which places him much, much higher than our crazy-haired scientist. Since then, there have been many more studies on this fictional character leading people to lower his intelligence rating, but he still remains one of the smartest characters ever written.

Does Sherlock have autism?

Ultimately, no one representation can ever encapsulate the incredible diversity of the spectrum—and while Holmes is probably an autistic character by most definitions, he is not an autistic person.

What mental illness does Sherlock?

Holmes is unique compared to an average human, but he is not a “high- functioning sociopath.” Holmes most likely suffers from Asperger’s Syndrome, a minor case of Bipolar Disorder, and a hint of Savant Syndrome. Asperger’s Syndrome causes Holmes to think in pictures and desire a close companionship with Dr. Watson.

Is Sherlock a sociopath or psychopath?

Sherlock Holmes is a brilliant but antisocial detective. He doesn’t seem to show emotion or care about other people’s feelings — even those of his trusted sidekick Dr. Watson — and he’s not driven by the fear of offending others. By all appearances, he is a primary psychopath.

What is Sherlock Holmes afraid of?

By now Sherlock has come to understand that the greatest loss, the greatest defeat, what he should – and does – really fear the most is to lose the people he loves.

Who is Sherlock Holmes biggest enemy?

Professor Moriarty, original name in full James Moriarty, archcriminal nemesis of Sherlock Holmes in several detective stories and novels by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

The writer and playwright George Bernard Shaw was born in Ireland, in Dublin, on July 26, 1856. Coming from a family of English origin; When George was very young, his father, an alcoholic, lost his job and the family was forced to live in poverty.

He did however, but without continuity, attend various schools, but the value of his education would grow through his reading of William Shakespeare and the Bible.

In 1876, at the age of twenty, he moved to Victorian London where his mother taught him to sing; young George was penniless but armed with plenty of ideas. In these years, after reading “Capital” by Karl Marx, he leaned towards socialism; in London he immediately joined the “Fabian Society”, a group of intellectual socialists more attentive to problems of social equality than to those of class struggle. He also attempted a literary debut as a novelist, which however was unsuccessful.

In 1885 he became a literary critic for the “Pall Mall Gazette”, then an art critic for “El Mundo”, and between 1888 and 1890 he was also a music critic for “The Star”, establishing himself as one of the best critics of the time. Later he turned to the theatre, first as a critic in the “Saturday Review”, and then as a writer with “The quintessence of Ibsenism” (1928). Shaw became a staunch admirer of Richard Wagner, while in terms of literary approaches he was close to the dramatic theories of Henrik Ibsen.

By 1892 he felt ready for his first comedies; he began with “Widower’s House” and touched on the lurid theme of female prostitution in “Mrs Warren’s Profession” (1894): however, in this early period he still remained strongly influenced by Ibsen.

In 1898 he married Charlotte Payne-Townshend, an Irish heiress who eased his financial worries and allowed him to devote himself full time to the theater: production multiplied with the dramas “Caesar and Cleopatra”, “Man and Superman” and “The Commander Barbara”, although his most famous work is, however, “Pygmalion” from 1914, in which he addresses some of his main themes, from the emancipation of women and his discourse on language.

In the years following World War I, Shaw sharpened his sarcastic character; in 1923, he wrote what is considered his masterpiece, “Santa Juana”.

Shaw always considered himself a “preacher in the guise of a mountebank”, but in 1925 he achieved international recognition by being awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. He refused to collect the prize money, saying, “I can forgive Alfred Nobel for inventing dynamite, but only a devil in human form could have invented the Nobel Prize.”

Even as an old man, in his nineties, he continued to write. George Bernard Shaw died on November 2, 1950 as a result of a fall while chasing a butterfly at his Ayot St Lawrence residence.

What was George Bernard Shaw famous for?

George Bernard Shaw is famous for his role in revolutionizing comedic drama. He was also a literary critic and a prominent British socialist. Shaw’s most financially successful work, Pygmalion, was adapted into the popular Broadway musical My Fair Lady.

What were George Bernard Shaw’s beliefs?

Shaw remained a committed socialist throughout his life and career. Many of his plays, including Mrs Warren’s Profession and Pygmalion, are underpinned by socialist politics, addressing issues such as women’s rights, poverty and capitalism.

Who is George Bernard Shaw quotes?

Life isn’t about finding yourself.
Progress is impossible without change,
Some men see things as they are and ask why.
We don’t stop playing because we grow old;
You use a glass mirror to see your face;
Youth is wasted on the young.
I learned long ago, never to wrestle with a pig.

What did George Bernard Shaw win the Nobel Prize for?

Shaw is one of only two people to have won both an Academy Award and a Nobel Prize for Literature. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1925; the committee said that his work was “marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty”.

How did Shaw obtain freedom of speech?

But Shaw said that he would talk only on controversial politics and religion and he didn’t want any fee except his third class railway ticket. On this condition Shaw was allowed to speak on controversial politics and religion. Thus Shaw obtained freedom of speech.

Why is Shaw not happy with the capitalist system?

Shaw does not like Adam Smith’s philosophy. He has argued that the capitalist system has failed because now machines have replaced men. However he has praised the poet Goldsmith who had complained that Wealth accumulates and Men decay.

What is capitalism according to GB Shaw?

It is a historical fact, recurrent enough to be called an economic law, that capitalism, which built great civilizations, if sustained beyond a certain point, destroys them.

How does Shaw use satire?

Satire is literary device that Shaw uses in his play Pygmalion as a way to criticize and solve the problems of the Victorian society. In addition, he used satire in order to denounce and disprove the false social values and class division.

Francois Rabelais was probably born in Chinon, in La Devinière, an estate located in the Touraine region of France, on a date between 1484 and 1494. The most probable date, commonly accepted, is February 4, 1494. However, beyond biographical uncertainties, his merits as a satirical, comic, ironic and grotesque writer, author of the famous saga of Pantagruel and Gargantua, the two giants of French folklore, are certain.

A prominent and controversial figure of the Renaissance, Rabelais is also considered one of the most influential anti-classists. Licentious monk with a strong personality, often in conflict with the official clergy, and also a doctor, he remained a great figure of the Renaissance humanist, convinced and of great culture, he was also an expert in ancient Greek.

He was born into a wealthy family, his father, the lawyer Antoine Rabelais, was Seneschal of Lerne. According to the historians of the time, around 1510 the writer would have entered the Franciscan monastery of La Baumette, erected off the coast of Maine, in the Chanzé Angers castle, where he immediately began to devote himself to purely theological studies. Some give him as a pupil at Seuilly Abbey, but there is no confirmation. He was appointed a Franciscan friar at the Puy Saint-Martin convent in Fontenay-le-Comte, where he moved to complete his extensive cultural and theological training between October 1520 and 1521.

In that period, both within the religious institution and outside of it, Rabelais was known for his great intellectual gifts, considered by many to be an academic and learned humanist. With the well-known philologist Guillaume Budé, he maintained in those years a correspondence of great intellectual depth, where one can see the in-depth study of Latin and, above all, Greek. Just in that language, the friar stood out and gave evidence in his translations of some of the most important Greek works, from the “History” of Herodotus to the philosophical writings of Galen, which he carried out a few years later.

His fiery personality led him to write and comment on some works in an unorthodox way, thus being suspected of heretical tendencies. He was incriminated by the Greek texts that he had in his library, as a result of the prohibition imposed by the Sorbonne to own books in the Greek language. The Franciscan order used the excuse and ordered the kidnapping of him. However, Francois Rabelais managed to escape thanks to the protection he enjoyed by Bishop Geoffroy d’Estissac, who wanted him as his personal secretary, helping him to go from the Franciscan to the Benedictine order.

The monk began to accompany the bishop on his inspection trips to various French convents. He was staying at the priory of Ligugé, the usual residence of Geoffroy d’Estissac, he met Jean Bouchet, becoming his friend, and passing through the monastery of Fontenay-le-Comte, he met the noble abbot Antoine Ardillon. He traveled through many provinces of France, and remaining anonymous, he attended some universities, such as Bordeaux, Toulouse, d’Orléans and Paris. Around 1527 Rabelais attended the University of Poitiers where he took law courses. However, he did not support the monastic rules and in 1528 he left the robes.

He passed through the French capital, joined a widow, with whom he would have had two children, and after having begun to study medicine, he decided to enroll on September 17, 1530, at the Faculty of Medicine of Montpellier. There, the doctor, philologist and former monk, learned the teachings of Hippocrates and Galen, two of his favorite authors, and in a year he skillfully passed high school, becoming a doctor.

From 1532 he practiced as a doctor at the Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon, center of the French Renaissance. There the environment was ideal for the monk’s literary talent to finally emerge. In the meantime, he joined some important personalities and continued his scientific publications. That same year came the publication of the first volume of the series that bears his name, which focused on the two bizarre giants drawn from French folklore, Pantagruel and Gargantua. Francois Rabelais created “Pantagruel”, in 1532, under the pseudonym Alcofribas Nasier (an anagram of his name). At the same time, he wrote a letter to Erasmus of Rotterdam, in which he declared that all his humanist offspring came from a passion for the philosopher and for his great thoughts. He declared in the letter his will to have tried to reconcile pagan thought with Christian, giving life to the so-called Christian humanism.

The Sorbonne, true autocratic law of French academicism, blocked and tried to prevent his publications, all of them related to his pseudonym, now known not only in Lyon. With this signature Rabelais also published “Gargantua” in 1534, which completely takes up the protagonist hero of the French saga, also narrated verbally by the chansonniers of France. His previous book, the one linked to Pantagruel, tells the story of the probable son of the historical protagonist of the saga.

The French author resumed his institutional travels and settled in Rome, accompanied by Jean du Bellay, his protector, in the house of Pope Clement VII. His mentor became a cardinal and was acquitted of the crimes of apostasy and irregularities with which he was accused, together with a large group of prelates of the French clergy, as a result of the operation des Placards, dated 1534, and in connection with a series of communications in open conflict in relation to the Roman clergy.

For the next several years, the former monk was still in Rome, this time with his former patron, Geoffroy d’Estissac. From this moment on, his return to papal grace began, as evidenced by a letter dated January 17, 1536, sent by Paul III, which included authorization for Rabelais to practice medicine in any Benedictine monastery, as long as no surgery was done. The French writer chose the monastery of Cardinal du Bellay, in Saint-Maur-des-Fosses.

In 1540, François and Junie, Rabelais’s illegitimate children during his stay in Paris, were legitimized by Pope Paul III. Having obtained the royal privilege for printing the previous year, in 1546 the former public friar, signing with his real name, the so-called “Third Book”, which takes up the previous two in their entirety, uniting their two heroes, in a choral saga The following year he retired to Metz, being appointed city doctor.

In July 1547 Rabelais returned to Paris, again in the wake of Cardinal du Bellay. A year later eleven chapters of the “Fourth Book” of the saga came out, before the publication of the complete version, in 1552.

On January 18, 1551, du Bellay granted Rabelais the parish of Meudon and Saint-Christophe-du-Jambet. However, after two years of official activities, it is not known whether or not the writer has fulfilled his priestly duties. Theologians, however, after the publication of the “Fourth Book”, censored it without appeal. On January 7, 1553, therefore, the author resigned as a priest. Francois Rabelais died in Paris shortly after, on April 9, 1553.

In 1562 “Isla Sonnante” was published, which would include some of the chapters of the alleged “Fifth Book” of the ex-monk. However, even after the complete publication of the work, there are many linguists who have questioned its authenticity. However, they recognize as autographs some minor works, such as the so-called burlesque prophecy “Pantagrueline Prognostication” and “Sciomachia”, a report made to celebrate the birth of a son of King Henry II.

What was Rabelais known for?

Rabelais’ most famous works are the Gargantua-Pantagruel series, four books published from 1532 to 1535. Framed as chivalric romances, they use the theatrical language of vaudeville to satirize heroic works, traditional pedagogy, and humanist ideals.

What did Francois Rabelais contribute to the renaissance?

François Rabelais (c. 1494 – April 9, 1553) was a major French Renaissance writer, doctor, and humanist. He is regarded as an avant-garde writer of fantasy, satire, the grotesque, dirty jokes, bawdy songs, and anarchism. His work was highly original, in both subject matter and quality.

What were Francois Rabelais last words?

“I go to seek the Great Perhaps” are the reputed last words of French writer Francois Rabelais who died in 1553.

What did Rabelais say?

“Science without conscience is the soul’s perdition.” “Gestures, in love, are incomparably more attractive, effective and valuable than words.” “Tell the truth and shame the devil.” “A mother-in-law dies only when another devil is needed in hell.”

Why did Rabelais write Gargantua?

In his book Gargantua and Pantagruel, Francois Rabelais uses satire to address the dislocation felt by Renaissance Humanists. By providing an exaggerated fable, comical in nature, Rabelais poses a serious introspection into the extremes of both the Medieval and the Renaissance man.

Where did François Rabelais live?

Centre-Loire Valley

When and where was Francois Rabelais born?

Chinon, France

The American writer is best known for his literary humor and literary satire. These include his world-famous 1884 work The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. He was a pioneer of modern American epic, in which he provided a lower-level reflection of contemporary American society. The Spanish picaresque novel provided the literary model for “Huckleberry Finn”. Mark Twain was a master of spoken language and punch lines. In his late work he represented a pessimistic view. Mark Twain’s literary merit lies in the fact that he introduced the dialects of the American Midwest into literature…

Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, was born the son of a lawyer and merchant on November 30, 1835 in the small town of Florida, Missouri.

Twain grew up in 1839 in Hannibal, a port city on the Mississippi River in the US state of Missouri. The location later served as the literary setting for his 1876 work Tom Sawyer’s Adventures. In 1847 his father died. Mark Twain began an apprenticeship as a typesetter. From 1851 he worked for the Hannibal Journal as a printer, journalist and author of glosses. Mark Twain left Hannibal and worked as a printer in various US cities. From 1857 he became a pilot on a Mississippi steamer. His stage name also comes from the time of this activity. Mark Twain means two fathoms (3.69 m) in river boatmen’s language, meaning the depth of the river.

Shipping ceased after the American Civil War broke out. Twain volunteered for the Confederate Cavalry. But already in 1862 he was working as a reporter for the newspaper “Territorial Enterprise” in Virginia City in the US state of Nevada. During this time he also went looking for silver. From 1863 he provided his contributions with the pseudonym “Mark Twain”. In 1864 he left Virginia City and moved to San Francisco. The following year came the literary breakthrough in the United States with his story “Jumping Frog”, in English: “The famous jumping frog of Calaveras County”. Extensive travel followed, during which Mark Twain visited Europe.

He processed his impressions in his works, for example in the title “The guileless abroad” written in 1869. In it, Twain deals with the contrast between the old and the new world. He ironizes the educational trips of American citizens to Europe. In 1870 he married the daughter of a wealthy industrialist, Olivia Langdon, and settled in Hartford, Connecticut. Mark Twain worked on numerous works in this and the following period. He wrote his most famous titles such as “Tom Sawyer’s Adventures” (1876). The title “Bummel durch Europa” was created in 1880, in which Twain tells of a hike through the Black Forest and the Swiss Alps.

His autobiography, Life on the Mississippi, was published in 1883. In the satirical work “A Yankee in King Arthur’s Court” the American author repeatedly demonstrated his mastery of humor; in it he pokes fun at feudal society in England. The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which was published in 1884, is considered to be his masterpiece and most famous work. It is the successor to the “Tom Sawyer” title. Literally, the work follows the Spanish picaresque novel. “Huckleberry Finn” offers a contemporary commentary on the lower levels of society in contemporary America from the perspective of a young hero as a roving bon vivant.

The two characters Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn entered world literature as protagonists of humor. In the years from 1891 to 1895 longer stays in Europe followed. In 1894 his publishing house went bankrupt due to bad investments in typesetting machines. Twain had lived a lavish life up to that point. To pay off his debts, he undertook lecture tours around the world. In 1896 his daughter Susan died. In 1904 his wife died. In the two years 1903 and 1904 Mark Twaininde stayed again in Europe. In 1909 his second daughter Jean died. These strokes of fate were also reflected in Mark Twain’s late work, which is characterized by a pessimistic mood.

The social satire “Querkopf Wilson” (1894), for example, dates from this era. As a man of letters, Twain is above all credited with having broken with stylistic conventions. Thus he introduced the colloquial dialect of the Midwest into literature. This distinguished him as a master of the spoken language. In addition, Mark Twain knew how to set punch lines of subtle quality. He is considered a pioneer of modern American epic. Its world fame is based on its satirical and humorous elements, with the latter in particular often moving at a low level with their burlesque exaggeration. In contrast, the structure of his works was less consistent.

In addition, Mark Twain created some socio-critical, philosophical and political essays.

Mark Twain died on April 21, 1910 in Redding, Connecticut.

Why is Mark Twain important?

Twain’s written works challenged the fundamental issues that faced the America of his time; racism, evolving landscapes, class barriers, access to education and more. He is celebrated for works such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and his memoir, Life on the Mississippi (1883).

How did Mark Twain get famous?

Literary Fame. In 1864 Clemens moved to San Francisco and worked for various newspapers. When his short story “Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog” was published and widely circulated in 1865 by the Saturday Press of New York, Mark Twain became a nationally known humorist.

What did Mark Twain believe in?

Twain was a Presbyterian. He was critical of organized religion and certain elements of Christianity through his later life. He wrote, for example, “Faith is believing what you know ain’t so”, and “If Christ were here now there is one thing he would not be – a Christian”.

What is Mark Twain known for in his writing?

Novels such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and Life on the Mississippi (1883) captured both his Missouri memories and depictions of the American scene. Yet his social commentary continued.

What is Mark Twain most famous quotes?

“Never tell the truth to people who are not worthy of it.”
“An uneasy conscience is a hair in the mouth.”
“When in doubt‚ tell the truth.”
“If you tell truth you don’t have to remember anything.”

What did Mark Twain say was the most delicious?

Later, we discovered that once Mark Twain called the Cherimoya “the most delicious fruit known to man,” and sort of regretted the decision.

What did Mark Twain say about heaven?

Heaven for climate, and hell for society. – Mark Twain’s Speechs, 1910 edition, p. 117. Dying man couldn’t make up his mind which place to go to — both have their advantages, “heaven for climate, hell for company!”

What did Mark Twain say about death?

“I’ve never wished a man dead, but I have read some obituaries with great pleasure.” That quote, attributed to Mark Twain, popped up in a lot of places yesterday, as some people found themselves struggling with their feelings after the death of Osama bin Laden.

What did Mark Twain say about cats?

Who wouldn’t? Mark Twain, AKA Samuel Clemens, turned his signature wit to a number of subjects–boyhood, the legend of King Arthur and even cats. “If man could be crossed with the cat,” he once wrote, “it would improve man, but it would deteriorate the cat.”

Where did mark twain grow up?

Mark Twain was born on November 30, 1835, in Florida, Missouri. In 1839 his family moved to the Mississippi port town of Hannibal in search of greater economic opportunities. In Old Times on the Mississippi (1875), he recalled his childhood in Hannibal with fondness.

What was mark twain’s real name?

Mark Twain’s real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Before Clemens became well known as a writer, he held a variety of odd jobs including piloting a steamboat up and down the Mississippi River.

What did mark twain receive in 1888?

Mark Twain did not win any major awards for his writing.

Where was mark twain born?

Samuel Clemens, later known as Mark Twain, is born in Florida, Missouri, on November 30, 1835.

How did mark twain’s brother died?

Henry died on 20 June 1858 from injuries suffered in the explosion of the Pennsylvania, as Mark Twain recounted in a moving letter written at the time and in Chapter 20 of Life on the Mississippi. SLC modeled Sid Sawyer, Tom Sawyer’s well-behaved half-brother, on Henry.

What does mark twain satirize in this excerpt from “the £1,000,000 bank-note”?

In “The £1,000,000 Bank-Note,” Twain uses satire to highlight the power of money and its influence on the behavior of people from all classes of nineteenth-century English society.

Where was mark twains farmhouse?

Redding, Connecticut

When did mark twain’s daughter die?

Susy died in tragic circumstances in 1896. Her parents had gone abroad and while they were away, Susy, who had opted to stay in New York with her aunt, contracted meningitis and died in the family home in Hartford, Connecticut. Twain was devastated by the news, which he received while abroad.

How did mark twain create his characters?

Mark Twain created his characters by patterning them on people in his life or those whom he had met.

When did mark twain move to hannibal?

Mark Twain was born on November 30, 1835, in Florida, Missouri. In 1839 his family moved to the Mississippi port town of Hannibal in search of greater economic opportunities.

How long was mark twain married?

The couple’s marriage lasted 34 years until Olivia’s death in 1904. All of the Clemens family are buried in Elmira’s Woodlawn Cemetery.

The French writer became world famous with his literary science fiction and science fiction novels as the founder of this genre. His fantastic works, such as “Journey to the Center of the Earth” (1864), “From the Earth to the Moon” (1965), “20,000 Leagues Under the Seas” (1870) or “Around the World in 80 Days” (1873 ) are based on precise research into technically possible devices, which characterize the author as both a dreamer and a visionary scientist. Jules Verne anticipated many technical conquests in his books of his time. However, he considered himself an author of “scientifically instructive novels”, as he called them: the attentive reader is informed about the fauna, flora, geography and history of the traveled areas. Sometimes entire chapters are purely informative excursions…

Jules-Gabriel Verne was born in Nantes, France, on February 8, 1828, the son of a lawyer.

Even as a child, Jules Verne is said to have indulged in daydreams. After graduating from school, he began studying law in Nantes, in accordance with his father’s wishes. In 1848 he moved to the University of Paris. Literature and theater attracted his attention even more than his studies. Verne joined literary circles and made the acquaintance of Alexandre Dumas. The young law student devoted himself to writing dramas. However, together with Dumas he also created operas and libretti. On June 12, 1850, Verne’s first work premiered at the Paris Théatre Historique. Two years later he found a job at the Théatre Lyrique as a secretary, which he held until 1855. The following year he became a stockbroker. In the off-hours he continued to devote himself to writing. In 1857 Verne married the widow Honorine Morel, née Deviane, of Amiens. She brought two daughters into the connection, from which their son Michel came in 1861. To earn a living, Verne continued to work on the stock exchange and in the theatre.

On various trips he collected scientific notes, which also found their way into his works. He joined a society for the promotion of airships and worked on projects for hot air balloons. Vernes’ novel “Five Weeks in a Balloon” was published in 1863, inspired by a friend’s balloon accident. The work became a great success for the writer, who established his literary fame with it, and the publisher signed the author. This employment secured him a certain standard of living. Some of his adventure novels were published in the publishing journal “Belehrung und Freizeit”. They were later published as a series entitled “Voyages Extraordinaires”. In 1864 the title “Journey to the Center of the Earth” was published, which caused a sensation due to its fantastic unimaginability. The following year, Verne anticipated the journey to the moon in his book “From the Earth to the Moon”. Verne’s literary activities also include geographical works. He was interested in a wide range of subjects such as chemistry, zoology, geography, physics and technology.

He obtained information from contemporary media, which he created in a file of over 20,000 notes. In 1871 Verne settled in Amiens with his family. There he headed the Académie d’Amiens. Other extremely successful future and adventure novels followed, such as “Around the World in 80 Days” (1873), “The Mysterious Island” (1874/75) and “Mathias Sandorf” (1885). Verne was now considered a renowned novelist, and financial success came with his reputation. He continued to travel extensively. To do this, he acquired an ocean-going yacht. In Amiens he became a councilor. As an author he was honored several times and received an audience with the Pope in Rome. In his works he anticipated many technical achievements for which not even the basics had been realized at the time. In his literary ideas he not only created airships, nuclear submarines and helicopters, but also steel cities and propeller islands. He thus represented a contemporary belief in progress oriented towards emerging technology, which, however, pointed far ahead in a remarkable way.

Verne is thus regarded as a pioneer of modern science fiction literature. In later works, his technical optimism was tempered by doubts about the misuse of technology. He was right about that too. Despite all the fame, he was also troubled by envious people, lawsuits and an assassination attempt. In 1900 he moved within Amiens. Verne suffered from diabetes in old age, and his health quickly deteriorated. Many of Verne’s books were later extensively filmed by Hollywood. The fabric was made for the American dream factory.

Jules Verne died in Amiens on March 24, 1905.

What is Jules Verne famous for?

Jules Verne was a prolific writer. He is often referred to as the “father of science fiction.” Verne became famous for his Voyages Extraordinaires, a series of 54 novels that were originally published by the French publisher and author Pierre-Jules Hetzel.

Was Jules Verne scientifically accurate?

Although his methods were certainly not scientifically accurate, Verne’s imagination was over a hundred years ahead of one of the most important feats in history: the arrival of the first humans to the moon.

Who was Jules Verne for kids?

The French author Jules Verne is known as one of the first science fiction writers. He wrote more than 50 novels and many short stories. Verne was born on February 8, 1828, in Nantes, France. He studied law and worked for a while as a stockbroker.

Why is Jules Verne considered the father of modern science fiction?

Jules Verne is considered the father of modern day science-fiction because; he was an ameteur astronomer and scientist, his fanciful inventions were created, and he influenced the world with his novels. Voyages Extraordinaires was comprised of more than sixty novels, most of which referred to astronomy and science.

The novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being made writer Milan Kundera so famous that he even appeared on the list of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born on April 1, 1929.

A Czech in Paris who proclaimed with one of his most famous novel titles: “Life is elsewhere”; who was involved in the political upheaval of the Prague Spring in the late 1960s until he was expelled from the Communist Party and banned from publishing; who has lived in France since 1975, has long been a French citizen and also writes his books in French – Milan Kundera has now spent a good half of his life in Paris and feels at home there:

“The existence of a permanent emigrant depressed me. In our foolishly politicized century, people no longer really understand how to read a novel as a novel. They rather want to see the illustration of simplified political theses in the novel. And that is also why the novelist must be able to remain silent from time to time in order to protect his novel creations against simplified, politicizing interpretations.”
Since the publication of his novel “The Unbearable Lightness of Being” a world-famous writer, Milan Kundera has increasingly sought anonymity – he does not appear in public in Paris and stays away from his native country, even more so than a few years ago At the time the rumor was spread that he had betrayed a fellow student to his country’s secret service as an American spy in the early 1950s. Kundera was content with a sparse denial and once again reminded of his task as a writer:

“The novelist is not the errand boy of historians. It is not his job to tell or comment on the story, but to discover the unknown sides of human existence.”

“Life is elsewhere” – this slogan of Arthur Rimbaud’s had an early impact on Kundera, who was born in Brno on April 1, 1929. After studying literature in Prague, he began to write himself: poems, dramas, essays, novels, also to explore the unknown sides of his own existence. Childhood, homeland, love, growing up, sexuality, revolutionary enthusiasm for ideas of progress – these are to this day Kundera’s themes in novels such as “Der Joke”, “Farewell Waltz” or the “Book of Laughing and Forgetting”. He is not afraid of repetitions:

“I love the repetitions and variations of a basic theme, but of course on the condition that I always have something completely new to say.”

The way Kundera looks at life and society always knows:

“Totalitarianism is not only hell, but also the dream of paradise – the age-old dream of a world where everyone lives in harmony with one another, without any secrets from one another. But if the dream of paradise becomes reality, he meets people here and there who stand in his way, which is why the rulers of paradise have to build a small gulag next to the Garden of Eden. As time goes on, this gulag grows larger and more perfect, while the adjacent paradise grows smaller and impoverished.”

If Milan Kundera pursued a personal dream in his writing, then it was the desire not to let himself be lived from outside.

“I don’t want to be ruled by the rhythm of the culture industry. I will always keep my own rhythm, which is usually very slow.”

The Czech in Paris, if he had to define himself today, would describe himself as a Central European.
“I realized that one day while listening to Bartok’s music. When I hear Debussy, for example, I’m impressed but not moved. But when I hear Bartok, my memories suddenly come back – even though he’s Hungarian and I’m Czech. Because of this feeling, this longing, I suddenly realized that Central Europe is a cultural entity. I had never seen that before. I discovered Central Europe with my feelings, only then did I deal intellectually with the cultural phenomenon of Central Europe.”

What kind of writer is Milan Kundera?

Milan Kundera, (born April 1, 1929, Brno, Czechoslovakia [now in Czech Republic]), Czech novelist, short-story writer, playwright, essayist, and poet whose works combine erotic comedy with political criticism and philosophical speculation.

Why is Milan Kundera important?

He reached international fame as a writer with his most popular works including The Joke, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, and The Unbearable Lightness of Being inspired by the Prague Spring of 1968, a brief period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia.

How old is Milan Kundera?

93 years

Where is Milan Kundera now?

Czech author Milan Kundera, now 92 years old, has lived in Paris since 1975 and has not kept close ties with his home country.

Is Milan Kundera married?

Vera Hrabánková

Why was Milan Kundera in exile?

Kundera, author of internationally acclaimed fiction, was expelled for “anti-communist activities” from the Czechoslovakian party in 1950. He became a hate figure for the authorities and eventually fled to France in 1975.

John Ernst Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in the coastal town of Salinas, California.

John Steinbeck was a famous 20th-century American writer. Along with William Faulkner, Tennesse Williams and Thornton Wilder, he is one of the most important American writers and one of the most successful and most widely read American authors of the 20th century.

John Steinbeck became known for his socially critical novels, in which he described the misery of poor people and uncovered existing social grievances. The heroes of his socially critical novels are the destitute, outsiders and social fringe groups.

John Steinbeck achieved his breakthrough in 1935 with the novel »Tortilla Flat«, in which he describes the bond of friendship between poor but fun-loving Hispanic-Americans based on the model of King Arthur’s Round Table.

In 1936, after the publication of his novel Stormy Harvest, about a farm workers’ strike, Steinbeck accepted a commission from the San Francisco News to write a series of articles on the uprooted Oklahoma migrant workers.

Crowds of impoverished “Okies” migrated to California in search of jobs. The experiences that Steinbeck gained at that time went into the two works that still impress critics and audiences the most today: the novella »Of Mice and Men« was published in 1937 and the socio-critical novel »Fruits of Wrath« in 1939.

In his socio-critical novel »The Grapes of Wrath«, he describes the fate of uprooted farm workers during the global economic crisis, who left for California with their last belongings to find happiness there.

In his novel “Sardines,” which is set on the street of the same name in his home town of Salinas, a couple of lovable good-for-nothings around their leader Mack always want the best, but always fail gloriously.

Despite all the hostilities, »The Grapes of Wrath« earned Steinbeck the prestigious Pulitzer Prize in 1940. Due to its realistic depiction of the misery of the migrant workers, the book is still regarded not only as a great literary work, but also as a first-class historical source.

In 1944 Steinbeck went to World War II as a war correspondent. He witnessed the Allied landings in North Africa and Italy and published reports about it and his diary entries under the title “At the Gates of Hell”.

Steinbeck now described the everyday life of the soldiers just as sensitively as he had previously described the working-class milieu – not as heroic stories, but as the desperate attempt to survive in dirt, misery and constant danger.

In 1944, Steinbeck returned and moved back to Monterey with his wife and first son.

But he found it increasingly difficult to build on the successes of the pre-war period.

In 1947 Steinbeck traveled with his wife through Scandinavia and France. After another visit to the Soviet Union in 1948 with the photographer Robert Capa, the travelogue »Russian Diary« was created.

After very unstable years and long journeys through North Africa, Southern and Western Europe, John Steinbeck succeeded in 1952 in another great literary coup: the epic novel “East of Eden” – “Beyond Eden” – tells the story of the Trask and Hamilton families from the civil war until the First World War.

In the same year, the screenplay for »Viva Zapata!«, a film about the Mexican revolutionary hero Emiliano Zapata, which Elia Kazan directed with Marlon Brando in the title role, was written. The same director also filmed »Jenseits von Eden« in 1955.

He wrote numerous novels, short stories and short stories, worked part-time as a journalist and was a war correspondent during World War II.

In 1940 he received the Pulitzer Prize and in 1962 the Nobel Prize in Literature.

»The Cannery Row« is one of Steinbeck’s happiest and most optimistic works, with which he dedicated a monument to the city of Monterey, California.
In it, Steinbeck describes the small world around Cannery Row, Monterey’s Cannery Row, and the increasingly lunatic attempts by a group of lovable loafers, bums and bohemians to throw a party for their friend and benefactor Doc.

His best-known novels include Tortilla Flat (1935), The Grapes (1939), Cannery Row (1945), and Beyond Eden (1952).

Steinbeck made a trip to Southeast Asia himself in 1967, but returned a sick man and unable to write.

John Steinbeck died of heart failure on December 20, 1968 in New York. His ashes were buried in his hometown Salinas cemetery.

What did John Steinbeck write?

His best-known works are the novella »Of Mice and Men« and the two novels »The Grapes of Wrath« and »Beyond Eden«. All three works have been filmed several times. John Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1962.

Which book did John Steinbeck win the Nobel Prize for?

In 1940 he received the Pulitzer Prize for his novel The Grapes of Wrath and in 1962 the Nobel Prize in Literature.

What is the name of the most famous work by the American Nobel Prize winner for literature, John Steinbeck?

American author John Steinbeck (1902-1968) received the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1962. His best known work, ‘Grapes.

When does Grapes of Wrath play?

The Grapes of Wrath, based on the novel by John Steinbeck – 13.10.2022, 20.00 – 22.15 | Theater Cologne.

Where was John Steinbeck born?

Salinas, California, United States

What idea is discussed in both Tim O’Brien’s “Ambush” and John Steinbeck’s “Symptoms”?

The idea discussed in both Tim O’Brien’s “Ambush” and John Steinbeck’s “Symptoms” is the after effects of the combat on the soldiers after a war is over. It talks about what the soldiers go through, their pain and their turmoil once they come back from having faced a war.

Which wars did john steinbeck’s “symptoms” and tim o’brien’s “ambush” discuss?

The war that John Steinbeck discusses in “Symptoms” is World War II. Steinbeck served as a war correspondent during this war, which allowed him to gain first-hand information on the situation of soldiers and veterans. The war that Tim O’Brien writes about, on the other hand, is the Vietnam War.

When did john steinbeck start writing?

Steinbeck’s first novel, Cup of Gold (1929), was followed by The Pastures of Heaven (1932) and To a God Unknown (1933), none of which were successful. He first achieved popularity with Tortilla Flat (1935), an affectionately told story of Mexican Americans.

How might the overall theme of john steinbeck’s books best be described?

John Steinbeck’s books generally had a mournful undertone, as he wrote about social injustices and daily struggles faced by many Americans of his era.

How did john steinbeck die?

John Steinbeck died of heart failure on 20 December 1968, in New York, N.Y, United States. On 4 March 1969, his ashes were buried in the Garden of Memories cemetery in Salinas in the Hamilton Family plot.

What was john steinbeck’s favorite book growing up?

After dropping out of Stanford University, he began writing novels. Around this time, the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl hit, sending thousands of desperate families to California for farm work. Steinbeck was inspired by their stories while interviewing them for a series of articles.

Who were john steinbeck’s parents?

The family farm in Heiligenhaus, Mettmann, Germany, is still named “Großsteinbeck”. His father, John Ernst Steinbeck (1862–1935), served as Monterey County treasurer. John’s mother, Olive Hamilton (1867–1934), a former school teacher, shared Steinbeck’s passion for reading and writing.

What was a result of the efforts of john steinbeck, dorothea lange, and woody guthrie?

They lowered the standard of living for farm workers, and delayed their unionization efforts. The works of John Steinbeck, Dorothea Lange, and Woody Guthrie created an image of the migrant that could not be ignored.

What was john steinbeck’s relationship to the salinas valley?

John Steinbeck’s relationship to the Salinas Valley is that it was his childhood home and he lived there until he went to Stanford University in 1919. Who was John Steinbeck? John Steinbeck was a famous author, and Nobel Peace prize winner. He lived in Salinas, California and went to college at Stanford University.

The French philosopher, writer and political journalist is considered the most important and representative French intellectual of the 20th century. After the Second World War, he became an integrative figure of existentialism with enormous popularity. Jean-Paul Charles Armard Sartre conveyed his philosophy in numerous dramas, screenplays, novels and essays. Sartre gave the first insight into his world view of meaning, existence and freedom in 1938 with “Der Ekel” (German 1949). With the treatise “Being and Nothing” (1943, German 1962) he presented his basic position in a brilliant presentation. Politically, Sartre campaigned several times for the revolutionary movements in the so-called “Third World” and turned against them in 1977 the solitary confinement of the members of the terrorist group Red Army Faction (RAF)…

Jean-Paul Charles Armard Sartre was born in Paris on June 21, 1905 to Jean-Baptiste Sartre, a naval officer.

His mother was a niece of Albert Schweitzer and of German-Alsatian origin. His father died of yellow fever, a tropical disease, just 15 months after he was born. The mother remarried after the death of his father. Sartre was taught by changing private tutors until he came to the prestigious Lycée Henri IV at the age of 10. In 1917 his mother remarried and they moved with him to her new husband in La Rochelle. In 1920 he returned to Paris. In 1922 he passed the Baccalauréat. Sartre then began studying psychology, philosophy and sociology in Paris. In 1929 Sartre received his license to teach at the university. His friendship with Simone de Beauvoir also began in this year. He then worked from 1931 to 1936 as a high school teacher in Le Havre, where he was employed as a philosophy teacher from 1934. The scholarship that Sartre received in 1934 at the Institut Francais in Berlin enabled him to deal with the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger.

From 1937 to 1944 Sartre taught at the Gymnasium in Paris. Here he published his first book “Der Ekel” in 1938. This novel tells of the freedom and loneliness of the individual. At the same time, his debut work provided the first insight into his worldview. The central character, Roquetin, experiences existence as completely absurd and meaningless. In order to free himself, Roquetin decides to write about “disgust”. Sartre did military service from 1939 to 1941 in a medical group, where he was taken prisoner by the German Wehrmacht. From 1942 he earned his living in the Resistance. In 1942, Sartre’s play “The Flies” was shown for the first time in occupied Paris. In it, the resistance against the German occupation was cleverly camouflaged by him. In 1943 Sartre’s first main philosophical work was published: “Being and Nothing”. This work was about the total freedom and total responsibility of free people in the world. Since that time, Sartre has been considered the main French representative of an atheistic existentialism.

Sartre joined the “Comité National des Ecrivains” in 1943 and then became a contributor to the magazine “Combat”. Until 1944 Sartre was a philosophy teacher in Paris and active in the French Resistance against the German occupation. Sartre then settled in Paris in 1945 as a freelance writer, where he published the political-literary magazine “Les Temps Modernes”. The play “The Dirty Hands”, published in 1948, dealt with politics and morality. But the Vatican disapproved of the work because “the faithful must be spared dangerous doubts.” In 1952, Sartre joined the French Communist Party and recognized the Soviet Union’s leading role in world politics. In 1956 he resigned from the party because he felt that the Soviet suppression of the Hungarian uprising was a crime. Sartre’s second philosophical book “Critique of Dialectical Reason” was published in 1959. In the 1950s and 1960s there was criticism of Stalinism on the one hand, and trivialization on the other following his trips to the Soviet Union. After the May 1968 riots, he became a companion of the French Maoists from 1970 to 1973. From then on he campaigned for the disenfranchised of this world, as in 1979 with Raymond Aron for the “A Boat for Vietnam” campaign.

In 1965 the first part of his memoirs “The Words” was published. For this he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. He declined the award. However, the Nobel Committee decided that this award was irrevocable. From 1971 Sartre’s books “The Intellectual in the Revolution” and “The Imaginary. Phenomenological Psychology of the Imagination” were published. He then took over the management of the left-wing daily newspaper “Libération”. By 1973 he was practically blind. Nonetheless, he continued to be present. In 1974, his visit to the – in his opinion political – prisoner and RAF member Andreas Baader in the Stuttgart-Stammheim prison attracted public attention. 1979 attended a press conference in favor of the Vietnamese refugees known as the “Boat People”. On Sartre’s 70th birthday, the world press recognized the life’s work of the unconventional writer. A year later he received an honorary doctorate from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Jean-Paul Charles Armard Sartre died on April 15, 1980 at the age of 74 in Paris. His death was registered worldwide, 50,000 people attended his funeral.

Who is Jean-Paul Sartre and what is his contribution?

Jean-Paul Sartre was a French novelist, playwright, and philosopher. A leading figure in 20th-century French philosophy, he was an exponent of a philosophy of existence known as existentialism. His most notable works included Nausea (1938), Being and Nothingness (1943), and Existentialism and Humanism (1946).

What did Jean-Paul Sartre believe in?

Sartre believed in the essential freedom of individuals, and he also believed that as free beings, people are responsible for all elements of themselves, their consciousness, and their actions. That is, with total freedom comes total responsibility.

What is Sartre’s idea of freedom?

Sartre writes that freedom means “by oneself to determine oneself to wish. In other words success is not important to freedom” (1943, 483). It is important to note the difference between choice, wish and dream.

What did Jean-Paul Sartre teach?

Sartre then taught philosophy at various schools, notably at Le Havre from 1931–36 and while he was composing his early philosophy and his great philosophical novel, Nausea.

Does Sartre believe in free will?

J. P. Sartre believes that man is free to choose and whatever choice he makes, he must be responsible for the outcome.

What is bad faith according to Sartre?

Sartre regarded bad faith as a denial of freedom which we all have. He gives an example of a waiter, who tells himself that to wait on tables is his destiny. The takeaway here is that to blame social pressures or others for what we are or what we do may be comforting, but it is a denial of the freedom we have.

Why did Jean-Paul Sartre say that man is condemned to freedom?

According to Sartre, man is free to make his own choices, but is “condemned” to be free, because we did not create ourselves. Even though people are put on Earth without their consent, we must choose and act freely from every situation we are in. Everything we do is a result of being free because we have choice.

Why does Sartre believe that existence comes before essence?

In order to remove the obstacles in front of human freedom, Sartre argues that existence precedes essence. If existence precedes essence, man himself, will create his essence, and thus will be responsible for his actions. In this way of thinking, there is no necessity for the existence of God.

Why did Sartre claim in choosing myself I choose man?

In choosing and creating a life for yourself, you are at the same time affirming what it is good for any person to do and to become. An individual’s action will affect and shape mankind.

What’s the difference between essence and existence?

Thus there is no real distinction between existing essence and its act of being (esse ); existence is only a mode of essence, a degree, an intensity, through which essence has become real. This mode is intrinsic to essence and puts it outside its causes.

Who or what is the source of values for Sartre?

Sartre’s ethics is not an ethic of autonomy (cf. Kant and the moral law), but a moral independence, individuality to which the subject refuses any submission to an external law, considers itself as the sole source of values.