The English writer ALDOUS HUXLEY is best known for his novel Brave New World (1932). The book is directed against the belief in progress. In a nightmare version of the future, HUXLEY paints a picture of an artificially created society in which people are under total control and geared solely towards prosperity. It’s about people who are created by retort and whose natural impulses are extinguished. The success of the book is unbroken to this day due to its subject matter.
In addition to Brave New World, HUXLEY also wrote numerous other works, including many novels and short stories. But he also wrote travelogues, philosophical treatises on drugs and screenplays for Hollywood.

Biography

ALDOUS HUXLEY was born in England in 1894. His grandfather was an important zoologist and one of the first supporters of Darwinism. HUXLEY’s mother died when he was 14 years old. At the age of 16 he attended the elite college Eton, where he almost lost his eyesight due to an illness, so that he was almost denied a scientific career. Since he went completely blind for a while, he learned Braille. HUXLEY studied at Oxford from 1913 to 1915, after which he published his first collection of poems, The burning wheel (1916). From 1921 HUXLEY wrote satirical novels such as Crome Yellow (1921, German Chrome Yellow), Antic hay (1923, German Fools’ Dance) and Those Barren Leaves (1925, German Parallels of Love). In the 1920s and 1930s he lived with his wife in Italy and France.

His first major work is his novel Point Counter from 1928 (German Counterpoint of Life), which also contains a portrait of the writer D.H. LAWRENCE finds. He was a good friend of HUXLEY’s and they had traveled together. In 1932, HUXLEY published the novel Brave New World, which became a global success and whose popularity has remained unbroken to this day.

During the 1930s, HUXLEY championed pacifism and helped Jewish refugees. In 1937 he moved to California, where he studied Far Eastern philosophy. He experimented with drugs and wrote The Perennial Philosophy (1945) and The Doors of Perception (1954) about them. Other novels emerged, such as the anti-utopia Ape and Essence (1948). HUXLEY has also written screenplays for Hollywood based on novels by JANE AUSTEN and CHARLOTTE BRONTË. In 1958 the commentary Brave New World Revisited appeared. HUXLEY died in Hollywood in 1963.

Literary creation

In his stories and novels, HUXLEY opposes the belief that scientific progress must always lead to good. In addition to the works of GEORGE ORWELL and H.G. WELLS count them among the classics of science fiction.

HUXLEY’s first satirical novels, Crome Yellow (1921) and Those Barren Leaves (1925), express his disappointment during the post-war period. He describes real people in English society so brilliantly and cynically that they felt offended by him. However, the novels received good reviews.

However, HUXLEY’s most important theme, which he also deals with in many essays, remains his criticism of social specialization and the rationalist belief in progress. He only presents both in his best-known novel Brave New World, which is directed against HERBERT GEORGE WELLS’ belief in progress. Like GEORGE ORWELL in 1984, which appeared in 1949, HUXLEY sketches an anti-utopia (dystopia), i. H. a nightmare version of the future. He describes the image of a dehumanized humanity in which people are under total control and which is solely geared towards prosperity:

With the help of modern application of natural science, people are bred according to recipe and exactly hierarchically standardized by assembly line retort. With the help of conditioning, they learn not to question their social status. Poverty, misery, dirt and unrest do not exist, but there is no more freedom, religion, art and imagination either. Happiness is artificially created for everyone equally, so that each individual is considered a crime. The three rebellious outsiders Bernard Marx, Helmholtz Watson and a natural-born Indian disturb the image of the artificial society.

HUXLEY describes hauntingly disillusioning images of a future automated world that is bereft of all natural impulses and against which he urgently warns.

The novel became a worldwide success. In his 1958 commentary Brave New World Revisited, HUXLEY revised his prophecies and feared that they could become reality even faster than he thought. In the age of genetic engineering in the 21st century, his work is perhaps even more relevant than when it was published.

Other works (selection)

Novels

Eyeless in Gaza (1936)
Time Must Have a Stop (1944)
The Devils of Loudun (1952)
The Genius and the Goddess (1955)
Iceland (1962, German Eiland)

What was Aldous Huxley known for?

Aldous Leonard Huxley (July 26, 1894 – November 22, 1963) was an English-born writer, whose masterpiece novel, Brave New World, depicted a future in which universal happiness is only achieved by thoroughly dehumanizing humanity.

What did Aldous Huxley believe?

He was concerned about the future of society and opposed to organized religion. He was longing for answers and meaning, and he had begun to form a spiritual belief where colour and light are central. These spiritual aspects can be seen as the beginning of Huxley’s spiritual enlightenment.

What inspired Aldous Huxley?

Here Huxley met novelist Virginia Woolf, economist John Maynard Keynes, and critics Bertrand Russell and Clive Bell — some of the most important writers and thinkers of the time. Huxley’s early exposure to the ideas of such a diverse and progressive group deeply influenced his world-view and his writing.

THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT was one of the most important poets of the 20th century. He influenced Anglo-American literature not only through his poetry, but also through drama and astute essays. By enriching the poetry with free rhythms, abstract images, musical elements and innovative neologisms – based on classics such as SHAKESPEARE and VERGIL – he gave the English language new impetus.
The culmination of his poetry is the poem “The Waste Land” (1922), which was composed with the collaboration of EZRA POUND and established ELIOT’s fame. It depicts the world that got out of joint after the First World War. In 1948 T. S. ELIOT received the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Biography

THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT was born on September 26, 1888 in Saint Louis (Missouri). After a strictly puritanical upbringing, ELIOT studied at Harvard University and in Europe – including at the Sorbonne in Paris, in Munich and Oxford. About FRANCIS HERBERT BRADLEY (1846-1924), an English philosopher, ELIOT received his doctorate in 1911. BRADLEY was a representative of absolute idealism.
From 1914 ELIOT lived in London, where he initially worked as a bank clerk. At the same time he wrote reviews and poems. In 1927 he became a British citizen and converted to the Anglican Church in 1928. From 1922 to 1939 he published the literary magazine The Criterion, which he co-founded. From 1926 until the end of his life he was director of the publishing house Faber&Gwyer, which later became Faber & Faber Verlag. He accepted various visiting professorships in Cambridge and Harvard and received numerous honors for his work, including the 1948 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Literary creation

T. S. ELIOT was one of the most important poets of the 20th century. Above all through his poetry, but also through his dramas and his essays, he gave literature decisive linguistic and formal impulses.

Lyric

Contrary to the prevailing late-Romantic tradition, ELIOT drew on classical literature and English baroque poetry with its strict form in his poetry. He was also influenced by French Symbolism: this late 19th-century literary trend opposed the naturalistic depiction of the visible world and advocated pure verbal art. As a technique, all linguistic, tonal and rhythmic means were used. ELIOT’s first poems in “Prufrock and Other Observations” (1917) take up symbolistic stylistic devices: human despair in the face of a meaningless world is described in free rhythms and an ironically distanced tone.

The ELIOTS language is based on the modern conversational style; his metaphors come from the urban living environment. But there are also numerous allusions to mythical and cultural tradition. The high point of his poetry is the verse epic “The Waste Land” (1922, dt.: Das wuste Land), which was created with the participation of EZRA POUND and established ELIOT’s fame. It depicts the world that got out of joint after the First World War. The poem “Four Quartets” (1943) is another important work in which ELIOT propagates Christian humanism as a solution to the existential problems of modern man.

Drama

In his stage works, ELIOT renewed poetic drama. He wrote the verse drama Murder in the Cathedral (1935) for the Church. The Christian mystery play deals with the murder of the Archbishop of Canterbury THOMAS BECKET in the 12th century and addresses the importance of the church for social action. In his later successful social plays such as “The Family Reunion” (1939) and “The Cocktail Party” (1950) timeless human conflict situations are presented in the mold of modern society and Christianity as a balancing factor and reconciling element presented.

Essays

In his literary-critical essays, ELIOT deals in detail with the literary tradition in order to make it fruitful for the modern age. The essays formulate central poetic principles and show – like “The Idea of ​​a Christian Society” (1939) and Notes “Towards the Definition of Culture” (1948) – ELIOTS ideas of a Christian society in the modern culture.

Works

lyric

Ash Wednesday (1930)
Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats (1939)

Dramas

The Rock (1934)
The Confidential Clerk (1954)
The Elder Statesman (1959)

Essays

For Lancelot Andrewes (1928)
After Strange Gods (1934)
Essays Ancient and Modern (1936)
Poetry and Drama (1951)
On Poets and Poetry (1957)

What is TS Eliot most famous for?

Eliot was an American-English poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor. He is best known as a leader of the Modernist movement in poetry and as the author of such works as The Waste Land (1922) and Four Quartets (1943).

Why did TS Eliot won the Nobel Prize?

On November 4, 1948, T.S. Eliot wins the Nobel Prize in Literature, for his profound effect on the direction of modern poetry. Eliot was born in St. Louis, Missouri, to a long-established family.

What is TS Eliot’s style of writing?

He use stream-of- consciousness to show the chaos in of the modern man’s thinking. In addition, he uses many techniques such as imagism, repetition, fragmentation and other modernist techniques. All these techniques help depict the modern life for the reader and reflect its status in real manner.

What is the purpose of TS Eliots poetry?

In his poetry and criticism, Eliot provides a theory of the usefulness of poetry as a means by which to better understand oneself and others, thereby overcoming the isolation otherwise inherent in the human condition.

What are the themes of T.S. Eliot poetry?

By Theme.
Alienation.
Time.
Mortality.
Regeneration.
Tranquility.

Who is Mario Vargas Llosa short summary?

(Arequipa, Peru, March 28, 1936). Peruvian writer, politician and journalist. Nobel Prize for Literature 2010. He spends his childhood between Bolivia and Peru and when he finishes his primary studies he collaborates in the newspapers La Crónica and La Industria.

What did Mario Vargas Llosa do for Peru?

Vargas Llosa was born in Arequipa (Peru) in 1936. Within his vast legacy he has written books of stories, novels, studies, essays, works for theater and cinema, among which are: “The city and the dogs”; “The puppies”; “Pantaleon and the visitors”; “The war of the end of the world”, among others.

What is the most important work of Mario Vargas Llosa?

The city and the Dogs.

Who is Mario Vargas Llosa books?

Peruvian author, politician and essayist, Mario Vargas Llosa is considered one of the great authors of the 20th century, fundamental for Spanish letters and a prominent member of the Latin American boom. His work has been recognized worldwide with awards as important as the Nobel Prize for Literature.

What is the shortest novel by Mario Vargas Llosa?

‘Five corners’, by Mario Vargas Llosa.

What happened to Mario Vargas Llosa?

Mario Vargas Llosa remains hospitalized in Madrid after testing positive for COVID-19. The Nobel Prize for Literature Mario Vargas Llosa, 86, was hospitalized after testing positive for COVID-19. Morgana, his daughter, published a brief statement about the writer’s health.

What is the fortune of Mario Vargas Llosa?

Mario Vargas Llosa: 500 thousand dollars.

Where does Mario Vargas Llosa live now?

Mario Vargas Llosa has been living in his central Madrid house for two weeks. Yes, we say “has been” because, after announcing it exclusively for SEMANA, the Nobel Prize winner returned this Thursday to Isabel Preysler’s Puerta de Hierro mansion.

Where is Mario Vargas Llosa currently?

Mario Vargas Llosa is recovering favorably after hospitalization in Madrid for COVID-19. The Spanish-Peruvian Nobel laureate in literature Mario Vargas Llosa is admitted to a Madrid clinic for complications related to the coronavirus.

Which play won the 2010 Nobel Prize for Literature?

The next novel by Vargas Llosa, “The Celt’s Dream”, will be published next November. The impact of a prize like the Nobel on the work of an author like Vargas Llosa, the eternal candidate, is enormous.

What was Mario Vargas Llosa’s satirical novel?

Pantaleón and the visitors: the global satire of Mario Vargas Llosa.

What does Mario Vargas Llosa express in his works?

What should be emphasized in Mario Vargas Llosa’s novels on the political subject is that they are all very critical of Peruvian institutions, mainly of the institutions that represent authority (the Army and the Church, in particular).

What characteristics do the works of Mario Vargas Llosa have?

Vargas Llosa’s narrative offers a carefree appearance towards the external forms of his literary creation, be it personal or general. All this happens because the real battle of the book is fought there, where two attitudes towards reality and man are found to be antagonistic.

What kind of literature is Mario Vargas Llosa?

He was born in Arequipa (Peru) on March 28, 1936. He has been defined as the most complete narrator of his generation and one of the best representatives of Latin American literature. He is a prolific writer who practices various literary genres, including the novel, literary criticism, and journalism.

Who is the only Peruvian winner of a Nobel Prize?

However, there is a name that shines with its own light, even being awarded worldwide for the contribution it has made to the universal letter: we are talking about Mario Vargas Llosa, the Peruvian winner of a Nobel Prize for Literature.

What are the strengths of Mario Vargas Llosa?

His sensitivity, his technique, his inner beauty, his kindness, his kindness and honorability, his exquisite education, his generosity and dedication, are the axes of the articles that account for his enormous passage through the world of Hispanic letters.

What is the first work of Mario Vargas Llosa?

Thus, his father sent him to military school between 1950 and 1952, which was a terrible experience for Mario, about which he spoke in his first novel The City and the Dogs.

What happened to Mario Vargas Llosa in 1990 in Peru?

He was a candidate for the presidency of Peru in the 1990 elections for the center-right Democratic Front political coalition. He lost the election in the second round against the candidate of Cambio 90, Alberto Fujimori.

How many books has Mario Vargas Llosa sold?

There he created 5,000 novels of which 400 million copies were sold. The critics, with few exceptions, considered her work as minor but her numbers have always been on the author’s side.

What motivated Mario Vargas Llosa to be a writer?

Vargas Llosa indicated that the years at school allowed him to learn about the social reality of Peru, from which he lived isolated, and obtain the information to start writing the novel in the fall of 1958, in Madrid (Spain), and finish it in an attic in Paris (France) in 1961.

How did Mario Vargas Llosa influence the Latin American boom?

For the author of “La fiesta del Chivo”, one of the achievements of the “boom” was “to change the stereotype that “Latin America only produced dictators or guerrillas” and that it was a barbaric world that was behind the culture.

What is the best-selling novel by Mario Vargas Llosa?

The city and the Dogs.

How to start reading Mario Vargas Llosa?

Asked about it, Agustín Prado, professor of Literature at the San Marcos Faculty of Letters, recommends that readers start with two stories to “enter the Mario Vargas Llosa universe”: ‘El Desafío’ and ‘Día Domingo’, published in Los bosses (1959), his first book.

What is the name of Mario Vargas Llosa’s latest book?

Mario Vargas Llosa presented his latest book, “The quiet gaze”

What work by Mario Vargas Llosa portrays the dictatorship of Manuel A Odría?

Vargas Llosa wrote “Conversation in the Cathedral” when he lived in Paris with the aim of “showing the effects of the dictatorship in the non-political life of Peru”, since the writer had lived his youth under the military dictatorship of Manuel Odría (1948- 1956).

The German writer and director is considered the most influential European dramatist and poet of the 20th century; he is considered the founder of epic theater. With his concept of epic theater, Eugen Bertolt Friedrich Brecht developed new presentation concepts that are characterized, among other things, by an aesthetic effect that appeals to the audience. His dramas combine didactic and artistic aspects. He also placed his lyrical works in the service of his Marxist views and gave new impetus to modern poetry. Brecht created an extensive and varied work, which includes 30 plays, 150 prose texts, 1,300 poems, various songs, three novels, numerous fragments, diaries and letters…

Eugen Bertolt Friedrich Brecht was born in Augsburg on February 10, 1898, the son of the future factory director Bertolt Brecht and his wife Sophie, née Brezing.

After elementary school, Brecht attended the Royal Realgymnasium in Augsburg from 1908 to 1917 (today: Peutinger-Gymnasium). In 1917 he completed his Notabitur and then began in the same year to study, first at the Faculty of Philosophy in Munich. He later switched to medical school. In 1918 he was drafted into military service and worked as a doctor in an epidemic hospital in Augsburg. After the war he continued his medical studies, but preferred to take part in lectures on theater studies and occupied himself with his literary plans. During this time he met the director Erich Engel, the writer Lion Feuchtwanger and the comedian Karl Valentin, among others. In 1922 his drama “Drums in the Night” premiered. Brecht was very successful with this, and in the same year he not only received the Kleist Prize, but also a position as dramaturge at the Munich Kammerspiele.

In that year, 1922, he married the singer Marianne Zoff, with whom he had a daughter named Hanne. From 1924 he worked as a dramaturge at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin under the direction of Max Reinhardt. Brecht’s early poetic works were summarized in the “Hauspostille” (1927). In 1928 he successfully performed his “Threepenny Opera” in the Theater am Schifferbauerdamm, where he was able to realize further works until 1933. In 1927 he divorced and married the actress Helene Weigel two years later. Brecht’s relationships with women were often exploitative in nature. Some of them had a strong influence on his artistic work, such as Elisabeth Hauptmann, Margarete Steffin or Ruth Berlau. After Hitler seized power in 1933, Bert Brecht and his family fled to Skovbistrand near Svendborg in Denmark via Prague, Vienna, Zurich and France. From Svendborg it went on to Sweden in 1939 and to Finland in 1940.

After traveling via Moscow and Vladivostok, he moved to Santa Monica, California, USA. The collection “Svendborg Poems” (1939) contained exillyrics that opposed National Socialism and advocated socialism. It contains his most important works, such as “Questions of a Reading Worker”, “Legend of the Creation of the Book of Taoteking on Laotse’s Way into Emigration” or “To Those Born Later” and others more. Other works followed in the 1940s, which were characterized by anti-fascist attitudes. Brecht’s further developments in theater theory then led to the combination of teaching and art during his exile. Works such as “Mother Courage and Her Children” (first performed in 1941), “The Good Man of Sezuan” (first performed in 1943), “Life of Galileo” (first performed in 1943) or “The Caucasian Chalk Circle” (first performed in 1948) stand for this.

In 1947 Brecht had to appear before the Un-American Activities Committee. A journey then took him via Paris to Zurich. In 1948 he moved to East Berlin and founded the Berliner Ensemble with his wife Helene in 1949, which performed in the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm from 1954. There Brecht was able to try out productions of his own and others’ plays, such as those by Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz, William Shakespeare or Jean Baptiste Poquelin Molière. In 1950 Brecht took Austrian citizenship and bought a house in Buckow in Märkische Schweiz. The relationship between Brecht and the GDR state and party leadership was not without problems, but he was nevertheless honored with important prizes, such as the GDR National Prize, first class, in 1951 or the Stalin Peace Prize in 1954. Brecht achieved his significant impact in the literary genre of drama and as a theater theorist.

His early dramas are characterized by an anarchist attitude and anti-bourgeois provocation. He developed a theory of epic theater that was concerned with an aesthetic effect that would appeal to the audience. His performances aimed to suggest to the viewer that the world could be changed in consensus with Marxist theory. In order not to miss his effect, Brecht dispensed with traditional theatrical effects and alienated the plays with recorded comments, sayings, projections or songs. Bert Brecht excelled as a narrator in his “Calendar Stories” (1948), which stand in the long tradition of teaching, but with a critical reference to the times. Furthermore, his “Stories from Mr. Keuner” should be mentioned in their aphoristic way of writing, which complement Brecht’s narrative work. Apart from the “The Threepenny Opera” (1929), there are only a few fragments such as “The Business of Mr. Juluis Caesar” (1949) or the “Tui-Roman”, which are among his epic major forms.

The “Notes on the Opera ”Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny”” (1930) realized his theory of epic theater in principle. By studying Marxism, he continued to develop his anti-bourgeois plays, so that with “Saint Joan of the Slaughterhouses” (premièred in 1959), he created his first Marxist work in an uncompromising form. In the “Buckower Elegien” the poet developed a critical stance on his personal political views and on politics and society in the GDR after the workers’ uprising of June 17, 1953. Brecht’s literary work is characterized by its explicit reference to current events.

But this reference is also always made in his pieces for other media such as radio or film. Particularly worth mentioning are the radio lesson “Flug der Lindberghs” (first performed in 1929) with music by Paul Hindesmith or the screenplay for the film “Kuhle Wampe”, which was banned in 1932. In addition, however, Brecht also dealt with the literary tradition, in which he created counter-drafts, for example. He repeatedly subjected his own works to critical updating and modification. Bertolt Brecht created an extensive and varied oeuvre, which includes 30 plays, 150 prose texts, 1,300 poems, lieder and songs, three novels, numerous fragments, diaries and letters.

Eugen Bertolt Friedrich Brecht died on August 14, 1956 in East Berlin.

Why is Bertolt Brecht so important?

Bertolt Brecht is considered the founder of the Lehrstück and the epic theatre. The Lehrstück is instructive instruction that aims to stimulate thinking and change one’s own actions.

What did Bertolt Brecht do?

Brecht founded and implemented epic theater or “dialectical theater”. His best-known plays include The Threepenny Opera, Mother Courage and Her Children, and the work critical of capitalism, Saint Joan of the Slaughterhouses.

What did Brecht criticize?

After the Second World War, Brecht criticized the fact that West Germany had exposed itself to foreign rule. And he doesn’t keep his criticism of Kurt Schumacher and Konrad Adenauer behind the mountain either. Schumacher publicly spoke out against the Communist Party of the GDR.

What shaped Brecht?

Bertolt Brecht is one of the most important German playwrights. In addition, his life was shaped by the flight into exile, his enthusiasm for communism – and by numerous women’s stories.

How many parables did Brecht write?

The edition contains all 58 stories that were found in the so-called “Züricher Mappe”. The Keuner stories were always written in connection with Brecht’s other works. They appeared in the “Experiments” series of books along with other experimental texts, scenes from dramas and poems.

What is typical of Brecht?

Brecht aimed at the mind of the individual. He wanted to use targeted measures to get viewers to think and act. By critically reflecting on what is happening on stage, the audience can also gain insights into society and its grievances.

To which epoch does Brecht belong?

You can classify Bertolt Brecht into the epochs of New Objectivity, exile literature and rubble literature. His life was mainly shaped by the Second World War and his escape from National Socialism.

What did Brecht use dramaturgically?

According to Brecht, epic theater is intended to set social and political changes in motion. The demonstration of social contradictions on stage is intended to activate viewers, convey criticism of belief in fate and a materialistic attitude.

How many books did Brecht write?

Bertolt Brecht – 13 Books – Pearl Divers.

What does Bertolt Brecht want?

Brecht was pursuing exactly the opposite goal with his “epic theatre”: instead of mere sympathy, he wanted people to think for themselves and come to the decision to change something.

Was Brecht a National Socialist?

Hasn’t been spoken yet. Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) was a playwright. Because he was a communist and his political convictions were reflected in his plays, he left Germany after the Reichstag fire in February 1933, even before the National Socialists took power.

Why did Brecht write the life of Galileo?

Contain scientific and non-religious messages. Brecht does not want Galileo’s struggle to be understood as a religious one, but rather as a socio-political one, about which the viewer can form his or her own opinion.

Where is Brecht from?

Augsburg, Germany

Where are you moving Brecht to?

The poem is typical of the epoch of Sturm und Drang.

What works did Brecht write in exile?

Life of Galileo
The good man of Sezuan
Mother Courage and Her Children

Ernest Hemingway was more than a writer. Today one would say: He was a pop star. He understood playing with the media and knew how to stage himself – as a macho, daredevil, globetrotter and cosmopolitan.

Speaking French, Italian and Spanish, Ernest Hemingway has lived in the Italian Alps, in Toronto, Canada, Paris, Key West and in Havana, Cuba’s capital. He has taken part in safaris in Kenya and Tanzania, served as a medic in World War I and covered the Spanish Civil War and World War II as a reporter, taking up arms on more than one occasion, or so the legend goes.

He was an avid boxer, big game hunter and spear fisherman. As “America’s Number 1 He-Man”, a men’s magazine heaved him onto the title in the 1950s.

Suffering from the image

Hemingway fueled this image and at the same time suffered from it. “How can we be ourselves when it’s you in these reviews,” Catherine Bourne asks her husband David in Hemingway’s posthumous novel The Garden of Eden.

This David Bourne bears strong autobiographical traits of Hemingway, like most of Hemingway’s protagonists. His new heroes are broken, uprooted, disillusioned. He is a pioneer, continuing the great American narrative of conquering unknown territory, in a new style: direct, emotionless and surgically precise.

On July 2, 1961, Hemingway killed himself with a bullet like his father had done 33 years earlier. A man like Ernest Hemingway falls in battle, he perishes in a daring adventure. Maybe he’s setting a ball, somewhere far away, in a mythical place, but not in Ketchum, Idaho.

Between classic and modern

Hemingway biographer Wolfgang Stock characterizes him as “the opposite of the poet in the ivory tower. He could observe like a knife and write it down like a surgeon. Hemingway is characterized by a very simple style: subject, predicate, object. Looking back, it’s a modern classic. At the time he was a revolutionary.”
The literary scholar and Hemingway expert Carl Eby describes his style as follows:

“The newspapers of 1924-26 were full of commentary on Hemingway’s new style. People loved his clarity and directness. His style grabbed her immediately. Of course, Hemingway didn’t create this style out of thin air. If you look closely, you’ll find elements from 19th-century American writers like Stephen Crane and Mark Twain, from French romantics like Maupassant and Flaubert, and from Russian classics like Turgenev, Dostoyevsky, and Tolstoy. Hemingway copied a lot from them, but also from modernists like James Joyce and Sherwood Anderson. He studied their style, analyzed it and then took what he liked and put it in a blender, if you will. The result is his own, unmistakable style.”

An American antihero

In 1929, the Roaring Twenties were already history. An epoch characterized by post-war bitterness and oblivion, but also by economic crises, social unrest and political instability. On October 25, Black Friday, the New York Stock Exchange collapses. The global economic crisis began with the crash and was to last well into the 1930s.

In this period of upheaval, In Another Land appears, establishing a new hero: broken, uprooted, disillusioned. He is not a typical American hero like the cowboy or the detective who order the chaos, at least in literature and film, restore justice and reconcile society.

He’s more of an antihero, but an American one: lonely, sincere, capable of suffering.

Hemingway – the legend

Anglist Carl Eby sees Hemingway as a legend. This “didn’t completely match who he was. But it corresponded to one half of his personality: his machismo. For Hemingway himself, this was ambivalent from the start. In the late 1920s, he asked his publisher to stop sending him press articles. He wrote: ‘I can’t read this, it’s on my mind and changing the way I see myself.'”

At the same time, he fuels this image: he writes short stories about the war experiences of his alter ego Nick Adams and his return to an America that he no longer understands. He poses with man-sized spearfish he caught in the Caribbean, with antelope and lion, trophies from his safaris in Africa.
In the Great Depression, millions of small investors lost their savings and millions of farmers lost their livelihoods. For this insecure America, Ernest Hemingway is the ideal projection surface: a man of action, polyglot, virile and adventurous. A pioneer continuing the great American narrative of conquering uncharted territory.

A myth falls apart

“In Another Land” is filmed, the first of eleven works by Hemingway. In the 1930s, Ernest Hemingway was at the height of his popularity. But writing is becoming increasingly difficult for him. His fear of no longer being able to write grows.

Together with Martha Gellhorn, who became his third wife a year later, Hemingway moved to Havana in April 1939, first to the Hotel Ambos Mundos, then to the Finca La Vigía.

In Havana he finishes For Whom the Bell Tolls. The book was published in the autumn of 1940 and within two and a half years, with a sold circulation of almost one million, became the most successful American novel since the southern tart “Gone with the Wind”. This also has to do with World War II, which had started a year earlier with the German invasion of Poland and which the US was to enter in December 1941.
The success of the novel got Hollywood on the scene: Paramount, one of the big studios, secured the film rights for $150,000 – a record sum at the time.

When Ernest Hemingway receives the Nobel Prize, he is 55 years old and a physical wreck: a heavy drinker, overweight, with absurdly high blood pressure, chronically depressed, scarred by numerous accidents suffered on his adventure travels, including a safari in Tanzania, where he narrowly escaped his life in two plane crashes.

Hemingway’s late literary work

It’s been a long time since he published “Wem die Zeit toll” in the early 1940s. Then came “Over the river and into the woods”, more of a short story that was too long and full of excessive monologues – anything but a great hit.

Then, in 1952, came The Old Man and the Sea, a novel about a Cuban fisherman named Santiago and a giant marlin, a spearfish, which he kills using all his remaining strength. It is Hemingway’s last publication until his suicide in 1961.

But he continues to write, every day – like the fisherman Santiago “drives out” every day anew.

A new, posthumous image of Hemingway

The Garden of Eden was published posthumously in the 1980s. The book is about sexual experiments, playing with gender roles and culminates in a love triangle.

“When it came out, it surprised everyone: the literary critics, the public, the fans. Everyone had a certain image of Hemingway. He was considered a typical hypermasculine idol. This book turned that picture on its head,” says Verna Kale of this book.

Traces of androgyny

According to Carl Eby, after the publication of The Garden of Eden, literary scholars began to revisit his older works, noting that “he had always been fascinated by androgyny. In many of his novels there are lovers who look like brother and sister and have their hair cut identically. María in ‘For Whom the Bell Tolls’ has short hair, as does Brett Ashley in ‘Fiesta’. Katherine from ‘In Another Country’ has her cut short at the end of the novel, which turns Frederic on quite a bit. They talk about wanting to look the same and getting the same haircut. People have long overlooked this or ignored it. But once you know The Garden of Eden, you can’t ignore it. The whole novel is about that.

This fascination dates back to Hemingway’s childhood. His mother actually wanted twins, which she didn’t get. But she raised him as his sister’s twin, who was a year and a half older. Sometimes she dressed them both as girls, sometimes as boys, each down to the identical haircut. I don’t want to say that clothes make the later man. But his mother sometimes saw him as a girl. For example, when he was three and a half he was afraid that Santa would not know if he was a boy or a girl.”

Frederic formulates his philosophy in the novel “In Another Country”: “Life breaks everyone. It kills the brave who refuse to break. Life gets you in the end.”

What was Ernest Hemingway known for?

The influential American literary icon became known for his straightforward prose and use of understatement. Hemingway, who tackled topics such as bullfighting and war in his work, also became famous for his own macho, hard-drinking persona.

When did Hemingway become famous?

The Old Man and the Sea became a book-of-the-month selection, made Hemingway an international celebrity, and won the Pulitzer Prize in May 1953, a month before he left for his second trip to Africa.

What was Ernest Hemingway’s greatest accomplishment?

In 1925, the couple, joining a group of British and American expatriates, took a trip to the festival that would later provide the basis of Hemingway’s first novel, The Sun Also Rises. The novel is widely considered Hemingway’s greatest work, artfully examining the postwar disillusionment of his generation.

What is Ernest Hemingway’s most famous quote?

“The world breaks everyone and afterward many are strong at the broken places.”

What did Ernest Hemingway say about war?

Commenting on this experience years later in Men at War, Hemingway wrote: “When you go to war as a boy you have a great illusion of immortality. Other people get killed; not you. . . . Then when you are badly wounded the first time you lose that illusion and you know it can happen to you.

What does Hemingway say about writing?

1. I learned never to empty the well of my writing, but always to stop when there was still something there in the deep part of the well, and let it refill at night from the springs that fed it. 2. If a writer knows enough about what he is writing about, he may omit things that he knows.

What does Hemingway say about life?

“Every man’s life ends the same way. It is only the details of how he lived and how he died that distinguish one man from another.” “Never confuse movement with action.” “The world breaks every one and afterward many are strong at the broken places.”

Was Hemingway really good?

I think the reason Hemingway is considered to be one of the best writers of the 20th century is because he revolutionized brevity in the english language. His style of writing, with short, concise sentences help not only to get the story across easier, but show that more doesn’t always mean better.

Why is Hemingway’s writing so good?

Hemingway’s strength lies in his short sentences and very specific details. His short sentences are powerfully loaded with the tension, which he sees in life. Where he does not use a simple and short sentence, he connects the various parts of the sentence in a straightforward and sequential way, often linked by “and”.

What habits did Ernest Hemingway have that kept him from procrastinating?

By stopping at a high point – an interesting place in a story – Hemingway probably felt good about most of his sessions (end was great), avoiding stopping utterly exhausted and miserable, which would make the memory of a session much gloomier (end being bad).

How many hours a day did Hemingway write?

One of our favorite writers, Haruki Murakami, got up at 4:00am every day and wrote for 5 to 6 hours. Ernest Hemingway wrote for 5 or 6 hours every morning as did Kurt Vonnegut.

Did Hemingway write every day?

Ernest Hemingway: “I write every morning.”

When I am working on a book or a story I write every morning as soon after first light as possible. There is no one to disturb you and it is cool or cold and you come to your work and warm as you write.

What kind of typewriter did Ernest Hemingway use?

The first generation of Royal Quiet Deluxe was manufactured from 1939 until 1948, with a gap in production due to World War II. It was the typewriter of choice for Ernest Hemingway.

How did ernest hemingway die?

Ernest Hemingway was found dead of a shotgun wound in the head at his home here today. His wife, Mary, said that he had killed himself accidentally while cleaning the weapon. Hemingway’s obituary ran on the front page of The New York Times on July 3, 1961.

Where was ernest hemingway born?

Oak Park, Illinois, United States

Which sentence in this excerpt from “in another country” by ernest hemingway is an example of irony?

The sentence in the above excerpt from “In Another Country” by Ernest Hemingway which is an example of irony is: “You are a fortunate young man.”

When did ernest hemingway die?

Ernest Hemingway died on July 2, 1961.

What time period did ernest hemingway write in?

Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature. He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two nonfiction works.

Is mollie hemingway related to ernest hemingway?

She is the granddaughter of Ernest Hemingway.

What literary movement was ernest hemingway a part of?

Hemingway was also one of the leaders of the modernist literary movement, which took place after World War I. Modernist writers, including Gertrude Stein, William Faulkner, Marianne Moore, John Dos Passos, F.

“You have to be careful when choosing enemies because you end up looking like them.” Born in Buenos Aires on August 24, 1899. He was an Argentine poet, essayist and writer, one of the greatest figures in world literature.

Who was Jorge Luis Borges summary?

Argentine poet, essayist and writer. He studies in Geneva and England. He lives in Spain from 1919 until his return to Argentina in 1921. He collaborates in French and Spanish literary magazines, where he publishes essays and manifestos.

What is the most important work of Jorge Luis Borges?

Ficciones is possibly the most recognized work of Jorge Luis Borges and a milestone in the history of literature.

Why did Borges go blind?

Conclusions. Although degenerative myopia is the most likely etiology of Jorge Luis Borges’s blindness, other ophthalmopathy cannot be completely ruled out without a proper physical examination. The objective is fulfilled only in the presumptive framework.

How did Jorge Luis Borges become famous?

Back in Buenos Aires, in 1921 he founded Prismas magazine with other young people and, later, Proa magazine; he signed the first Argentine ultraist manifesto, and, after a second trip to Europe, delivered to the printer his first book of verses: Fervor de Buenos Aires (1923).

What did Borges contribute to literature?

Some of his most notable creations are the stories “The Aleph”, “The Book of Sand” and “The Memory of Shakespeare”. Among his poetic works, “The Maker”, “In Praise of the Shadow” and “The Deep Rose” could be highlighted. From his essays, «The size of my hope» and «Inquisitions».

What kind of literature is Borges?

What is Borges’s literary style? Most of the works of Jorge Luis Borges were influenced by existentialism and rationalism, however, he was part of the current of Ultraism, a literary avant-garde movement born around the Spanish magazine Ultra.

What are the most important works of Jorge Luis Borges?

1923.- “Fervor of Buenos Aires”

1925.- “Moon in front”

1929.- “San Martin Notebook”

1943.- “Poems”

1960.- “The Maker”

1967.- “For the six strings”

1969.- “The other, the same”

1969.- “In praise of the shadow”

1972.- “The gold of the tigers”

1975.- “The deep rose”

1976.- “Poetic work”

1976.- “The Iron Coin”

1976.- “Story of the night”

1981.- “The figure”

1985.- “The conspirators”

What does Borges say about books?

The book is an extension of the memory of the imagination”. With these words Jorge Luis Borges began one of the conferences he gave on topics as diverse as those addressed in his own creations and which have been compiled in the Borges Library (Alianza) with the title of oral Borges.

How many books did Borges read?

In 1985, the Argentine publisher Hyspamérica published what would become Borges’s personal library. This library would include the 74 books recommended by Borges, who once read them, fascinated the Argentine author so much that he wanted to openly recommend them to all lovers of literature.

What religion did Borges have?

Here, Borges reveals that he considers himself Jewish in many ways and does not see it as a bad thing; in fact, being Jewish seems to be a privilege.

What did Borges like to read?

Borges always returned to the pages that most aroused his admiration, among them: the Divine Comedy, Don Quixote, the Homeric poems. By the way, Kodama recounted: “Borges reread Cervantes’ work a lot. It was the only novel he liked.

Which writers did Borges admire?

Names like Dostoevsky, Chesterton, Wilde, Lugones, Cortázar and Quevedo coexist together in this collection. Throughout his career as a short story writer and poet, Jorge Luis Borges spoke tirelessly of the works he admired and read.

What is the main idea of the text Borges and I?

The theme of this poem is Borges’s reference to blindness, after losing his sight at the age of 55. It is a moving acceptance of old age, the dispossession of time and blindness.

Who is the father of Latin American literature?

114th birthday of the father of Latin American literature, Jorge Luis Borges – Cultural Paradise.

What is the importance of Borges in the context of Argentine and world literature?

International critics consider him one of the most outstanding authors of the 20th century. Deserving of many awards, he was a candidate for the Nobel Prize for Literature, a prize he did not accept. We could conjecture today with the passage of time, that the Nobel was lost to Borges.

What is the shortest book by Jorge Luis Borges?

The book of sand, a short story by Borges.

What is characterized in the expression of Borges?

Borges manifests such a marked interest in language, and language figures so prominently in his work, that this makes him an exceptional figure among the great names of 20th-century literature. Language is its difference, its singularity.

Who was the inventor of literature?

Maestro places the beginning of literature in archaic Greece (Homer and Hesiod, 8th century BC), a time and space in which writing is not conceived as a book of sacred laws, unlike the Hebrew world, but as a kind of narration about the origin of the Cosmos.

When did Jorge Luis Borges go blind?

Borges lived with blindness for 29 years, from 1955 to June 14, 1986 when he died in Geneva (Switzerland) at the age of 86.

Who is Jorge Luis Borges for children?

He is the most internationally recognized Argentine writer. He was the author of poems, essays and stories that are considered models of high literature. He also wrote screenplays and lectured around the world.

Alexandre Dumas was a writer from France. He wrote many books that are still widely read today all over the world. The best known are The Three Musketeers and The Count of Monte Cristo.

Together with the seamstress Marie-Laure-Catherine Labay he had a son. But the parents were not married. Since the son bore the same name as the father and also became a writer, one also speaks of Alexandre Dumas the Elder and Alexandre Dumas the Younger to distinguish them.

Alexandre Dumas was born in 1802 in Villers-Cotterêts near Paris. His father Thomas was the son of a black slave woman from Haiti. He later became a general in Napoleon’s army. The young Dumas was interested in writing from an early age. As a teenager he wrote plays for the theater together with a friend. By the time he was in his mid-twenties, he was doing it enough to make a living.

Later he also wrote many novels, especially those about adventure. He also made many trips across Europe and wrote reports for newspapers. He even wrote books about French cuisine. Dumas died in 1870 at the age of 68.

Alexandre Dumas the Elder (1802-1870) grew up in the provinces of northern France, the son of a Napoleonic general. Orphaned and poor at an early age, but convinced of his talents, he went to Paris at the age of nineteen, where he wanted to work in the theatre. His capital: a beautiful handwriting, a couple of wild partridges and an almost inexhaustible imagination. The plays that he first wrote are now forgotten. But twenty years later, in 1844, he was the king of the literary feuilleton with “The Count of Monte Cristo”. Almost at the same time he wrote – based on a historical source from 1700, the “Memoirs of Herr d’Artagnan” by Gatien de Courtils de Sandras – what is still his most famous novel, “The Three Musketeers”, which was continued from 1844 to 1847 appeared and founded Dumas’ worldwide success.

What does A Dumas have to do with slavery?

Marquis Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie fathered four children with the black slave Marie-Césette Dumas. Around 1775 mother and children were mortgaged as slaves.

Which two novels are by Alexandre Dumas?

Alexandre Dumas the Elder was a French writer. Today he is best known for his historical novels, which have become classics, such as The Three Musketeers and The Count of Monte Cristo.

Was Alexandre Dumas black?

Dumas was descended from black Haitian slaves. He described himself as a “negro” (“nègre”). Accordingly, he suffered because of the color of his skin.

What did Alexandre Dumas write?

Dumas is an important representative of French Romanticism. He became known and popular through his historical adventure novel “The Three Musketeers” (1844) and the social novel “The Count of Monte Cristo” (1845/46) – by the way, the only social novel he ever wrote.

When was Alexandre Dumas born?

July 24, 1802

When did Alexandre Dumas die?

December 5, 1870

What language did Alexander Dumas write in?

Alexandre Dumas, pere, born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie (July 24, 1802- December 5, 1870), is best known for his numerous historical novels of high adventure which have made him the most widely read French author in the world.

Why is Thomas-Alexandre Dumas famous?

Thomas-Alexandre Dumas was a mulatto born in the French colony of Saint Domingue (Haiti). He joined the French Army as a private and rose to the rank of a General during the French Revolution. Dumas is probably best known for fathering the famous French writer Alexandre Dumas (père).

Why did Alexandre Dumas change his name?

However, his father refused to allow him to use his name in the lowest rank of the army. Thus, he dropped Thomas from his given name and took his mother’s surname, entering Louis XVI’s service as Alexandre Dumas.

Who wrote The Three Musketeers was the black?

It turns out that this happens to be true: Alexandre Dumas was both a Frenchman and a black man, and retelling his story reinforces the more important point that imagination should not be shackled by skin color.

Did Alexandre Dumas face racism?

Despite his noble background and success as a writer, Dumas had faced discrimination and racism due to ancestry and race. He wrote the novel, Georges, in 1843, which was about the son of a biracial plantation owner who faces discrimination due to his ancestry, despite appearing to be white.

Is Count of Monte Cristo a true story?

The Count of Monte Cristo wasn’t just a book for Dumas. It was a revenge fantasy he wrote on behalf of his father, a Black general who fought in the French Revolution and was ultimately betrayed by Napoleon.

What is the message of The Count of Monte Cristo?

“The Count of Monte Cristo” Themes. The Count of Monte Cristo explores six core themes: revenge, justice and God’s will, happiness, love and redemption, identity, and the domestic and the foreign.

Does The Count of Monte Cristo have a happy ending?

Dantès, his revenge complete, arranges for Valentine de Villefort and Maximilian Morrel to be together (they have been in love, but Valentine’s parents forbade their union), and Haydée declares her love for Dantès, to his great joy.